Feeding and nutrition of Dairy Cow in the different phases of lactation

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Harmonised metab changes on tissue level- “redistribution” of nutrients

Question 2

During lactation (5)

Answer 2

1. Growth hormone regulation
2. Incr milk prod and lipolysis- mobilizinf fat reserves
3. Synth of glucose in the liver
4. Nutrient requirements change based on stage of gestation/lactation
5. For max prod: 5 feeding phases have been developed

Question 3

Brief summary: phase 1

Answer 3

Begins after calving on day 365/day 0

Early lactation

Peak milk prod

Question 4

Brief summary: phase 2

Answer 4

• Begins at day 70
• Peak DM intake
• Declining milk prod pp
• On day 85– insem

Question 5

Brief summary: phase 3

Answer 5

• begins on day 140
• Mid-late lactation
• Declining milk prod pp

Question 6

Brief summary: Phase 4

Answer 6

• Begins at day 305
• Dry period
• 60-14 days before the next lactation

Question 7

Brief summary: phase 5

Answer 7

• begins on day 350
• Transition period
• 14 days before partuition

Question 8

When to check BCS (5)

Answer 8

1. After calving
2. In the first 100 days of lactation
3. After 200 days of lactation
4. At drying off
5. During drying off

Question 9

Phase 1: the timing, goals and 9 things to mention

Answer 9

Day 0-70

Goals:

• Reach peak DM intake
• Maintain peak lactation
• Stop any loss of BW

1. E balance
2. Change in BW
3. Prerequisites for sucessful insem
4. Forage: conc ratio
5. CP
6. CF
7. NEl
8. MF
9. Daily feed

Question 10

Phase 1: E balance

Answer 10

negative because the requirements are not met

cow mobilizes ketogenic compounds for E– KETOSIS

Question 11

Phase 1: change in BW

Answer 11

DECR!! try to stop this with fat supplementation

Question 12

Phase 1: prerequisites for sucessful insem

Answer 12

No decr in BW, gonadotropin hormone and insulin are dominating

Question 13

Phase 1: forage: conc ratio

Answer 13

40:60

Max grain intake is 2.5% of BW

Question 14

Phase 1: CP

Answer 14

17-18%

Question 15

Phase 1: CF

Answer 15

Min 15-17%– in order to prevent acidosis

Question 16

Phase 1: NEl

Answer 16

6.8-7.2 MJ/kg DM

Question 17

Phase 1: MF (mixed forages)

Answer 17

95-105 kg DM

Question 18

Phase 1: daily feed

Answer 18

50-250g starch + soluble sugar

30-225g rumen degradable starch + soluble sugar

5-60g bypass starch

Question 19

Phase 2: timing 7 things to mention

Answer 19

1. E balance
2. F:C
3. CF
4. NEl
5. Forages
6. Insemination
7. Daily feed

Day 70-140

Question 20

Phase 2: E balance

Answer 20

Zero/positive

Cows should be fed at near max

Expect only a slight decr in BW

Question 21

Phase 2: F:C

Answer 21

50:50

Question 22

Phase 2: CF

Answer 22

17-18%

Question 23

Phase 2: NEl

Answer 23

6.2-6.4 MJ/kg DM

Question 24

Phase 2: forages

Answer 24

Should be still of high quality

Equally 1.5% of BW per day

Question 25

Phase 2: insem

Answer 25

At day 85 but only if BCS is optimal

Question 26

Phase 2: daily feed

Answer 26

50-200g of starch + soluble sugar

10-200g rumen degradable starch + soluble sugar

5-40g of bypass starch

Question 27

Phase 3: timing and 6 things to mention

Answer 27

Day 140-305

1. Forage: conc
2. Milk prod
3. NEl
4. BCS
5. Aims to promote body reserves
6. Risk of fatty cow syndrome

Question 28

Phase 3: F:C

Answer 28

60:40

Question 29

Phase 3: milk prod

Answer 29

considerable decline

Question 30

Phase 3: NEl

Answer 30

5.8-6.0 MJ/kg DM

Question 31

Phase 3: BCS

Answer 31

Up to 3.5 until drying off

Question 32

Important vits and mins *think of milk fever*

Answer 32

1. Ca: 4.4g/100kgBW
2. P: 3.4g/100kgBW
3. Mg: 2g/100kgBW
4. Na, Cl and K
5. Vits: BEAD and carotene