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Nutrition Final: A > Feeding and care of Newborn and suckling piglets > Flashcards

Feeding and care of Newborn and suckling piglets Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional life cycle: 2 points to mention at the start

A

Length of suckling period: 28 days until the piglets are 7-9kg

BW at birth 1-2 kg

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2
Q

Nutritional life cycle: Timeline and the weights

A
  1. 0 days: 1-2 kg
  2. 28 days: 7-9kg– WEANING
  3. 90 days: 25-30 kg– first preselection
  4. 140 days: 80-90kg– 2nd preselection
  5. 160 days: 105-110– induction of puberty
  6. 200-220 days: 135-150kg– Final selection insem
  7. 315 days: 170-180kg– patruition
  8. 343 days: 160-170kg– weaning
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3
Q

Nutritional life cycle: timeline events that don’t have a matching weight

A

Day 170: puberty is reached (has been induced at day 160)

Day 350-365: estrus and insem

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4
Q

Nutritional life cycle: time period and stages (7)

A

0-28 days: suckling

28 days until 20KG!!: weaning

20KG until 90 days: growing and finishing, selection at 90 days and they either stay as growing/finishing or are selected replacement gilts

Day 200-220: prgnancy

Day 315: lactating

Day 343: not lactating

Day 350-365: Estrus and insem

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5
Q

Piglet nutrition stages: what is the FI per piglet at this time

A

1-1.2 kg/day/ piglet

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6
Q

Piglet nutrition stages: timeline and weights

A
  1. Day 0: 1-2 kg
  2. Day 10
  3. Day 20
  4. Day 28: 7-9 kg
  5. Day 42: 13kg
  6. Day 50
  7. Day 60
  8. Day 70: 20-25
  9. Day 80
  10. Day 90: 30+++kg
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7
Q

Piglet nutrition stages: timeline and different diets (4)

A
  1. 0-10 days: milk
  2. 10-28 days: creep feed milk and prestarter
  3. 28-42 days: prestarter
  4. 42-70 days: starter
  5. 70-90 days: piglet diet
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8
Q

Transition from one diet to another

A

Needs to be gradual to allow the gut microflora to adapt

Presater vs starter % over 5 day period

  1. 80 vs 20
  2. 60 vs 40
  3. 40 vs 60
  4. 20 vs 80
  5. 100
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9
Q

What happens on day 90

A

Selection!!

Either for fattening or for breeding

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10
Q

Nutrient content of the different diets

A

Prestarter, starter and piglet diet and we’re analysing CP and DE

CP%: 24 21 18

DE (MJ/kg): 14 14 14

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11
Q

Summary of the nutrient content of the different diets (3)

A
  • E requirement stays the same
  • There is a decr in CP, fat, lysine and Ca and P
  • Essential aa requirement expressed as a % of lysine, because lysine is the essential aa in pigs!
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12
Q

The essential aa requirement- as a % of lysine

A
  • Lysine: 100
  • Met and cys: 60
  • Threonine: 65
  • Tryptophan: 17
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13
Q

Lysine supplementation % at the different body weights, and why do we supplement lysine? (5)

A
  • 3-5 kg: 1.5
  • 5-10kg: 1.35
  • 10-20kg: 1.15
  • 20-50kg: 0.95
  • 50-80kg: 0.75
  • 80-120kg: 0.60

* allows for the use of cheaper plant protein wilst still maintaining desired growth levels e.g use of maize instead of soybean

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14
Q

Prestarter: 7!!

A
  1. Mixed with milk initially- creep feed
  2. Given wholly at weaning
  3. High protein 24%
  4. High E 14 MJ/kg
  5. High fat 13-14% as vegetable dry fat that is flavaoured and has good digestibility
  6. Should be fed on the floor
  7. Approx 1kg of prestarter is consumed during the suckling period
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15
Q

Postnatal nutrition of pigs- the 2 areas to discuss

A

Characteristics of neonates

Colostrum

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16
Q

Characteristics of neonates (5)

A

<2% BW and have little SC fat

Have only 1-2 hrs worth of gycogen stores- NB to give colostrum fast

BW doubles every week until wk 3

High E requirement

Heat them

17
Q

Colostrum: 8 points to mention

A
  1. Colostrum vs sows milk
  2. E forms
  3. Proteins: aa’s
  4. Protective factors
  5. Protective cells
  6. Vits and mins
  7. Regulatory factors
  8. Enzymes
18
Q

Colostrum vs sows milk

A

Colostrum is higher in protein and vits, sows milk is higher in fat and mins

19
Q

E forms

A

FA’s

Lactose

AA’s

20
Q

Protective factors and cells

A

IgG’s

Macrophages and lymphocytes

21
Q

Vits and mins

A

Colostrum: P>Ca because piglets require more P

How the Ca:P ratio changes over time:

  • 0 hrs: 0.45:1
  • 12hrs: 0.55:1
  • 1-2wks: 1.5:1
22
Q

Regulatory factors (5)

A
  1. EGF: epidermal growth factor
  2. Insulin
  3. IGF: insulin growth factor
  4. Prostaglandins
  5. Polyamines
23
Q

Enzymes

A

Amylase

Lipase

Protease (inactive)

*these are all important for milk replacers

24
Q

What are the important nutreints to discuss

A

Fat

Water

Iron

25
Q

Fat (4)

A
  1. Major source of E
  2. Emulsified by pancreatic lipase
  3. e.g propionate inhibits E.Coli growth
  4. Add to pregant sows diet to incr milk fat and weaing weight and to decr weaning and rebreeding interval
26
Q

Water

A

Sow milk is insufficient, so give additional water

***Dx

27
Q

Iron

A

Sow milk is def so must give inj 3 days after birth

Associated with Se?Vit E def in the sow so should supplement these in the sows diet

The inj: 200mg IM

Signs of iron toxicosis:

  • Lame
  • Stiff
  • Edema in the muscle of inj
28
Q

Colostrum

A
  • Supply of AB’s
  • AB;s transfer to the colostrum 2-3 days before farrowing- therefore do mot induce premature farrowing
  • AB’s cannot be absorbed by piglets 24-36hrs post farrowing
  • Available 10 hrs before and 36hrs after farrowing

Nutrition Final: A (28 decks)

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