Feeding and care of Newborn and suckling piglets Flashcards
Nutritional life cycle: 2 points to mention at the start
Length of suckling period: 28 days until the piglets are 7-9kg
BW at birth 1-2 kg
Nutritional life cycle: Timeline and the weights
- 0 days: 1-2 kg
- 28 days: 7-9kg– WEANING
- 90 days: 25-30 kg– first preselection
- 140 days: 80-90kg– 2nd preselection
- 160 days: 105-110– induction of puberty
- 200-220 days: 135-150kg– Final selection insem
- 315 days: 170-180kg– patruition
- 343 days: 160-170kg– weaning
Nutritional life cycle: timeline events that don’t have a matching weight
Day 170: puberty is reached (has been induced at day 160)
Day 350-365: estrus and insem
Nutritional life cycle: time period and stages (7)
0-28 days: suckling
28 days until 20KG!!: weaning
20KG until 90 days: growing and finishing, selection at 90 days and they either stay as growing/finishing or are selected replacement gilts
Day 200-220: prgnancy
Day 315: lactating
Day 343: not lactating
Day 350-365: Estrus and insem
Piglet nutrition stages: what is the FI per piglet at this time
1-1.2 kg/day/ piglet
Piglet nutrition stages: timeline and weights
- Day 0: 1-2 kg
- Day 10
- Day 20
- Day 28: 7-9 kg
- Day 42: 13kg
- Day 50
- Day 60
- Day 70: 20-25
- Day 80
- Day 90: 30+++kg
Piglet nutrition stages: timeline and different diets (4)
- 0-10 days: milk
- 10-28 days: creep feed milk and prestarter
- 28-42 days: prestarter
- 42-70 days: starter
- 70-90 days: piglet diet
Transition from one diet to another
Needs to be gradual to allow the gut microflora to adapt
Presater vs starter % over 5 day period
- 80 vs 20
- 60 vs 40
- 40 vs 60
- 20 vs 80
- 100
What happens on day 90
Selection!!
Either for fattening or for breeding
Nutrient content of the different diets
Prestarter, starter and piglet diet and we’re analysing CP and DE
CP%: 24 21 18
DE (MJ/kg): 14 14 14
Summary of the nutrient content of the different diets (3)
- E requirement stays the same
- There is a decr in CP, fat, lysine and Ca and P
- Essential aa requirement expressed as a % of lysine, because lysine is the essential aa in pigs!
The essential aa requirement- as a % of lysine
- Lysine: 100
- Met and cys: 60
- Threonine: 65
- Tryptophan: 17
Lysine supplementation % at the different body weights, and why do we supplement lysine? (5)
- 3-5 kg: 1.5
- 5-10kg: 1.35
- 10-20kg: 1.15
- 20-50kg: 0.95
- 50-80kg: 0.75
- 80-120kg: 0.60
* allows for the use of cheaper plant protein wilst still maintaining desired growth levels e.g use of maize instead of soybean
Prestarter: 7!!
- Mixed with milk initially- creep feed
- Given wholly at weaning
- High protein 24%
- High E 14 MJ/kg
- High fat 13-14% as vegetable dry fat that is flavaoured and has good digestibility
- Should be fed on the floor
- Approx 1kg of prestarter is consumed during the suckling period
Postnatal nutrition of pigs- the 2 areas to discuss
Characteristics of neonates
Colostrum
Characteristics of neonates (5)
<2% BW and have little SC fat
Have only 1-2 hrs worth of gycogen stores- NB to give colostrum fast
BW doubles every week until wk 3
High E requirement
Heat them
Colostrum: 8 points to mention
- Colostrum vs sows milk
- E forms
- Proteins: aa’s
- Protective factors
- Protective cells
- Vits and mins
- Regulatory factors
- Enzymes
Colostrum vs sows milk
Colostrum is higher in protein and vits, sows milk is higher in fat and mins
E forms
FA’s
Lactose
AA’s
Protective factors and cells
IgG’s
Macrophages and lymphocytes
Vits and mins
Colostrum: P>Ca because piglets require more P
How the Ca:P ratio changes over time:
- 0 hrs: 0.45:1
- 12hrs: 0.55:1
- 1-2wks: 1.5:1
Regulatory factors (5)
- EGF: epidermal growth factor
- Insulin
- IGF: insulin growth factor
- Prostaglandins
- Polyamines
Enzymes
Amylase
Lipase
Protease (inactive)
*these are all important for milk replacers
What are the important nutreints to discuss
Fat
Water
Iron
Fat (4)
- Major source of E
- Emulsified by pancreatic lipase
- e.g propionate inhibits E.Coli growth
- Add to pregant sows diet to incr milk fat and weaing weight and to decr weaning and rebreeding interval
Water
Sow milk is insufficient, so give additional water
***Dx
Iron
Sow milk is def so must give inj 3 days after birth
Associated with Se?Vit E def in the sow so should supplement these in the sows diet
The inj: 200mg IM
Signs of iron toxicosis:
- Lame
- Stiff
- Edema in the muscle of inj
Colostrum
- Supply of AB’s
- AB;s transfer to the colostrum 2-3 days before farrowing- therefore do mot induce premature farrowing
- AB’s cannot be absorbed by piglets 24-36hrs post farrowing
- Available 10 hrs before and 36hrs after farrowing
