Fats

Question 1

When does shortening occur?

Answer 1

When rubbing in butter to flour, fat coats outside of flour particles
The fat acts as a protective coating preventing water absorption
Prevents formation of glucose- prevents elasticity

Question 2

Aeration?

Answer 2

When air is incorporated into a mixture
Like when fat traps air when mixed with sugar - creaming

Question 3

What happens when a cake bakes (6 things)

Answer 3

Sugar dissolves
Egg protein coagulates
Fat in butter melts
Starch in flour absorbs liquid
Baking powder releases co2
Water turns to steam

Question 4

What is plasticity?

Answer 4

The ability of fat to soften over a range of temperatures, and be shaped/spread with light pressure
Saturated fats have less plasticity

Question 5

Emulsion?

Answer 5

When 2 imiscable substances are combined
Fat particles are suspended through

Question 6

What fats broken down to in the body

Answer 6

3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

What kind of nutrients are lipids

Answer 7

Macronutrients

Question 8

What are the functions of fat

Answer 8

Concentrated energy, body cells, adipose tissue for warmth

Question 9

Animal fats

Answer 9

Meat
Butter
Oil fish
Lard
Egg
Ghee

Question 10

Vegetable fats

Answer 10

Nuts
Seeds
Fat spreads
Avocados
Oils
Olives

Question 11

What is hydrogenation

Answer 11

The chemical process of hardening vegetable fats

Question 12

Trans fats cause …

Answer 12

… health problems (heart disease) 2% of daily energy should come from trans fats

Question 13

Saturated fats bonds

Answer 13

Single bonds between carbon atoms, saturated with hydrogen

Question 14

Unsaturated fats bonds

Answer 14

Missing hydrogen atoms create a double bond between carbon atoms, allows movement in the carbon chain

Question 15

Saturated fats lead to …

Answer 15

… heart disease and builds up fatty deposits around heart (coronary heart disease)

Question 16

DRV of saturated fats

Answer 16

30g for men
20g for woman
(Maximum )

Question 17

Unsaturated fats…

Answer 17

…Lower cholesterol and reduce risk of heart disease

Question 18

Mono unsaturated fatty acids have

Answer 18

1 double bond

Question 19

Poly unsaturated fatty acids have

Answer 19

2+ bonds

Question 20

There are ? Fatty acids that cannot be produced in the body

Answer 20

2
(Essential fatty acids)

Question 21

What are the essential fatty acids

Answer 21

Omega 3 and 6
Needed for brain and heart function

Question 22

Where’s omega 3 found in

Answer 22

Oily fish
Seeds

Question 23

Where’s omega 6 found in

Answer 23

Veg
Grains

Question 24

What is cholesterol

Answer 24

Part of cell membranes, helps with fat digestion
Their found in fatty foods
Lipoproteins carry cholesterol around the body

Question 25

LDL and HDL

Answer 25

Low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein
LDL - bad
HDL - good

Question 26

DRV of fats

Answer 26

35% of daily calories
42% here on average
No more that 10% for saturated fat

Question 27

Deficiency and excess of fat

Answer 27

Deficiency - weight loss, lack of fat soluble vitamins
Excess - raises cholesterol, obesity, type 2 diabetes