Fats Flashcards
When does shortening occur?
When rubbing in butter to flour, fat coats outside of flour particles
The fat acts as a protective coating preventing water absorption
Prevents formation of glucose- prevents elasticity
Aeration?
When air is incorporated into a mixture
Like when fat traps air when mixed with sugar - creaming
What happens when a cake bakes (6 things)
Sugar dissolves
Egg protein coagulates
Fat in butter melts
Starch in flour absorbs liquid
Baking powder releases co2
Water turns to steam
What is plasticity?
The ability of fat to soften over a range of temperatures, and be shaped/spread with light pressure
Saturated fats have less plasticity
Emulsion?
When 2 imiscable substances are combined
Fat particles are suspended through
What fats broken down to in the body
3 fatty acids and glycerol
What kind of nutrients are lipids
Macronutrients
What are the functions of fat
Concentrated energy, body cells, adipose tissue for warmth
Animal fats
Meat
Butter
Oil fish
Lard
Egg
Ghee
Vegetable fats
Nuts
Seeds
Fat spreads
Avocados
Oils
Olives
What is hydrogenation
The chemical process of hardening vegetable fats
Trans fats cause …
… health problems (heart disease) 2% of daily energy should come from trans fats
Saturated fats bonds
Single bonds between carbon atoms, saturated with hydrogen
Unsaturated fats bonds
Missing hydrogen atoms create a double bond between carbon atoms, allows movement in the carbon chain
Saturated fats lead to …
… heart disease and builds up fatty deposits around heart (coronary heart disease)
DRV of saturated fats
30g for men
20g for woman
(Maximum )
Unsaturated fats…
…Lower cholesterol and reduce risk of heart disease
Mono unsaturated fatty acids have
1 double bond
Poly unsaturated fatty acids have
2+ bonds
There are ? Fatty acids that cannot be produced in the body
2
(Essential fatty acids)
What are the essential fatty acids
Omega 3 and 6
Needed for brain and heart function
Where’s omega 3 found in
Oily fish
Seeds
Where’s omega 6 found in
Veg
Grains
What is cholesterol
Part of cell membranes, helps with fat digestion
Their found in fatty foods
Lipoproteins carry cholesterol around the body
LDL and HDL
Low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein
LDL - bad
HDL - good
DRV of fats
35% of daily calories
42% here on average
No more that 10% for saturated fat
Deficiency and excess of fat
Deficiency - weight loss, lack of fat soluble vitamins
Excess - raises cholesterol, obesity, type 2 diabetes
