Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FARM ANIMAL > Farm Skills: Pet pigs > Flashcards

Farm Skills: Pet pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What legal documentation is required by everyone who keeps pigs?

A
  • County parish holding (CPH) number from the Rural Payments Agency (RPA)
  • Must inform APHA that there are pigs on the premises within 30 days of first pig arriving
  • Will be issued a herd mark: 1 or 2 letters followed by 4 digits
  • Pigs must be identifiable (especially if they are being moved) via tag / tattoo / mark
  • Need a licence from APHA to walk pig outside of home / premises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal temperature adult pig

A

38-39°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal temperature growing pig

A

39-40°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal HR adult pig

A

60-90bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal HR grower pig

A

100-120bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal RR adult pig

A

10-20 breaths/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal RR grower pig

A

24-36 breaths/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Differetials for jaundice

A
  • Postweaning multisystemic syndrome
  • Hepatic cirrhosis
  • Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atropic rhinitis: cause, clinical signs, spread and treatment

A

Atrophic rhinitis
Causative agent: Bordetella bronchiseptica ± Pasteurella multocida

Clinical signs
* Sneezing
* Bloody nose
* Distortion of nose
* Epistaxis

Contagious spread. Also zoonotic - Bordetella is a human pathogen too.

Treatment:
* Tetracyclines (PO), tulathromycin (IM)
* NSAIDS e.g. meloxicam IM
* Increase humidity

Vaccine available.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Swine influenza: clinical signs, spread, and treatment

A

Swine influenza
Swine influenza virus

Clinical signs
* Sneezing and nasal discharge
* Non-productive cough
* Pyrexia (this can lead to abortion)
* Tachypnoea
* Anorexia
* Reluctance to move
* Can be fatal

Spreads very quickly around farm by pig to pig contact. Zoonotic potential!

Treatment
* No effective treatment
* Antibiotics e.g. tetracyclines (PO or IM) to control secondary infection
* NSAIDs e.g. meloxicam IM

Vaccine possible but will not cover new emerging strains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pneumonia: clinical signs, treatment, prevention

A

Pneumonia
Variety of causes including Mycoplasma hyopnuemoniae, Pasteurella, Actinobacillus

Clinical signs
* Coughing
* Lethargy
* Pyrexia
* Dyspnoea
* Sudden death
* Actinobacillus: carrier status with no clinical signs possible

Treatment
* Antibiotics: Mycoplasma -> doxycycline PO, Pasteurella -> tetracyclines or macrolides
* NSAIDs e.g. meloxicam IM

Vaccines available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When should you treat an outbreak of diarrhoea with antibiotics?

A
  • When there is moderate-severe diarrhoea in piglets <1 week old
  • When there is systemic / severe disease
  • When there is mortality in the group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Colibacillosis (E. coli diarrhoea): cause, clinical signs, treatment, prevention

A

Colibacillosis (E. coli diarrhoea)
Cause: feed and water contamination, failure of passive transfer. More common in young pigs / neonates.

Clinical signs
* 0-4 days old: watery yellow diarrhoea, sudden death
* 4-10 days old: pasty yellow faeces, some vomiting, signs of dehydration. Some sudden death.
* 3-5 days post-weaning: acute and chronic diarrhoea leading to dehydration and death; ill thift.

Diagnosis: submit rectal swab, intestinal contents or tissues.

Treatment
* Electrolytes / fluids
* If systemically unwell: injectable antibiotics. Otherwise oral. Options: tiamulin, neomycin, apramycin, sulphonamides.
* Supportive nursing care
* Clean diarrhoea promptly, clean equipment (e.g. syringe for feeding) between pigs, clean hands and dip boots between pens etc.

Vaccine available for pregnant sows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Salmonella enterocolitis: cause, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment

A

Salmonella enterocolitis
ZOONOTIC!
Salmonella tymphomurium/ choleraesuis

Spread via contamination e.g. of waste feed, and pig to pig spread.

Clinical signs
* Pyrexia
* Lethargy
* Signs of sepsis (e.g. discolouration of extremities)
* Diarrhoea ± blood ± mucus
* Weaners most commonly affected but can be any age

Diagnosis: isolation of organism from caecum, colon, possibly ileum.

Treatment
* Water and electrolytes
* Consider probiotics to restore gut flora
* Antibiotics: apramycin, gentamycin (do not use in dehydrated animals due to risk of renal failure)
* NSAIDs e.g. meloxicam IM
* Supportive nursing care

Vaccination available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes and treatment of constipation

A

Causes
* Foreign body
* Reduced water intake

Treatment
* Increase water intake via fruits and flavoured water (monitor calorie intake)
* Mineral oil/ stool softener - do not force feed due to risk of aspiration
* Enemas
* Imaging needed if FB ± surgery considered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When should you castrate a pig?

A
  • Before puberty if at all possible
  • Entire boars can have undesirable behaviour e.g. aggression, sexual behaviour, territorial marking
  • Pot-bellied pigs enter puberty as early as 3 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long should you fast a pig before sedation/ GA?

A

Piglets: 1-3 hours
Adults: 6-12 hours

18
Q

True/false: pet pigs are still considered food-producing animals under law.

A

True
* (EU) 37/2010 regulations detailing drug use in food producing species apply even though they are pets

19
Q

What drugs could you use to sedate / GA a pig?

A
  • Protocol 1: ketamine + butorphanol + xylazine
  • Protocol 2: ketamine + butorphanol + detomidine

You can use ketamine or the alpha-2 agonists for top-ups.

20
Q

Complications of GA in a pig

A
  • Airway obstruction
  • Malignant hyperthermia
  • Delayed recovery - cannot use reversal agents
21
Q

Where can you get IV access on a pig?

A

Can go for marginal ear veins
Also: lateral saphenous (hock), medial saphenous (thigh), cephalic, jugular

22
Q

You want to castrate some piglets aged 10-14 days old. What is your anaesthetic protocol?

A
  • Local anaesthesia - do not go up to/exceed 5mg/kg lidocaine (this is the toxic dose)
  • Manual restraint
23
Q

You want to castrate some piglets aged 4-6 months old. What is your anaesthetic protocol?

A
  • Piglet in lateral recumbency under injectable anaesthesia e.g. ketamine + butorphanol + xylazine
  • Local anaesthesia: lidocaine (5 mg/kg = toxic dose)
  • NSAIDs: meloxicam (IM), ketoprofen (IM)
24
Q

How could you induce parturition in the sow?

A
  • PGF2a and oxytocin
  • PGF2a - increases uterus contractility - given at day 111-112
  • Oxytocin - decreases dispersions between births (all piglets born in 3 hr window) - given 20-24hrs after PGF2a
25
Q

When do you need to examine the farrowing sow?

A
  • If >1hr between piglets
  • If >4hrs total, there will be an increase in neonatal mortality rate
  • Walk the sow after farrowing to stimulation urination, defecation and increase appetite
  • Ensure piglets get colostrum: provide immunoglobulins and has laxative effect
  • Remember piglets are v sensitive to low temperatures as they have no brown fat
26
Q

Common renal / urinary diseases in pigs

A
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Embolic nephritis
  • Interstitial nephritis
  • Cystitis
  • Urolithiasis
  • Worms e.g. Staphanurus dentatus
  • Chronic kidney failure in older animals
27
Q

Possible causes of embolic nephritis

A
  • Actinobacillus suis
  • Streptococcus suis
  • Other streptococci; staphylococci
  • E. coli
  • Erysipelothrix rhusopatuae
  • Truepyrella pyogenes
28
Q

Causes of interstitial nephritis

A
  • Leptospirosis
  • PCV2 infection
29
Q

Clinical signs and treatment of cystitis, urolithiasis

A

Clinical signs
* Frequent urination
* Straining to urinate

Treatment of cystitis
* Antibiotics: penicillin, ampicillin IM

Treatment of urolithiasis
* Imaging
* Cystocentesis
* Medical or surgical removal of stones (e.g. catheterisation, cystotomy)

Can vaccinate for lepto (lepto is ZOONOTIC!)

30
Q

Clinical signs and diagnosis of chronic kidney disease / failure

A
  • Signalment: older animals
  • Clinical signs: lethargy, inappetance, ammonia smell on breath
  • Diagnosis: urinalysis, biochemistry
  • Treatment: symptomatic
31
Q
A
32
Q

How often should you trim tusks? How do they grow?

A
  • Tusks are hyposodont
  • Trim once or twice a year
33
Q

Clinical signs of CNS disease in pigs

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Depression
  • Lack of coordination / ataxia
  • Abnormal sitting / dog-sitting / posture changes
  • Head tilt
  • Abnormal gait
  • Circling
  • Abnormal eye movement
  • Seizures
34
Q

Pathogenesis, clinical signs and treatment of salt poisoning

A

Pathogenesis:
* No water for extended hours then sudden water consumption OR ingestion of high volumes of high salt feed

Clinical signs
* Seizures
* Walking aimlessly
* Blindness
* Abnormal sitting posture

Treatment
* Gradual rehydration, carefully controlled so as to reduce brain swelling

35
Q

Differentials for the pig presenting with CNS signs

A
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Heat stress
  • Salt poisoning
36
Q

Common skin conditions in pet pigs

A
  • Dry skin
  • Mange
  • Sunburn
  • Erysipelas
37
Q

Treatment of dry skin

A
  • Rule out other differentials first
  • Moistening lotions e.g. aloe vera should be applied
  • Remove any large flakes with a wet towel
  • Supplement feed with oils (monitor calorie intake)
  • Allow for a wallowing hole
38
Q

Treatment of mange in pigs

A
  • Typically caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var suis
  • Clinical signs: itching, scratching, open sores, licking
  • Change bedding and disinfect
  • Injectable avermectins; may require second injection
39
Q

Disease and treatment?

A

Erysipelas
Penicillin IM
ZOONOTIC!

40
Q

Treatment of sunburn

A
  • Provide NSAIDs
  • Provide shelter, suncream, wallows
41
Q

Vaccines for pet pigs

A

All ages: Erysipelas every 6 months (after initial course)

Breeding gilts and sows:
* Parvovirus - vaccinate before breeding
* Piglets enteritis / E. coli - vaccinate 3-6 weeks before farrowing
* PMWS and PCV-2 used in commercial units but rarely in pet pigs

FARM ANIMAL (56 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions