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FARM ANIMAL > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

True/false: penicillin (on its own) is broad spectrum.

A

False
Penicillin on its own is narrow spectrum.

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2
Q

Amoxicillin is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

a) broad spectrum

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3
Q

Ampicillin is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

a) broad spectrum

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4
Q

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

a) broad spectrum

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5
Q

3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

Very broad spectrum.
They are also critically important and we should avoid using them.
Example: ceftiofur, cefovecin

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6
Q

3rd generation fluoroquinolones are:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

Very broad spectrum.
They are critically important and we should avoid using.

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7
Q

Penicillin is effective against
a) gram positives
b) gram negatives
c) both

A

a) gram positives
Cannot be both because penicillin is narrow spectrum

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8
Q

TMPS is
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

a) broad spectrum

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9
Q

Nitroimidazoles are
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

A

b) narrow spectrum

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10
Q

Nitroimidazoles are effective against:
a) aerobes
b) anaerobes

A

b) anaerobes

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides are
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
c) intermediate spectrum

A

c) intermediate spectrum

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12
Q

Macrolides are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

A

b) intermediate spectrum

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13
Q

Lincosamides are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

A

b) Intermediate spectrum

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14
Q

Tetracylines are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

A

Very broad spectrum

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15
Q

Chloramphenicol is
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

A

Very broad spectrum

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16
Q

Polymixins e.g. colistin are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

A

c) narrow spectrum
They are also protected and we should not use.

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17
Q

Which are macrolides more effective against?
a) gram positives
b) gram negatives

A

a) gram positives
moderate-limited effect against gram negatives too

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18
Q

Doxycycline is a

A

Tetracycline

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19
Q

Procaine benzylpenicillin is a

A

beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin (narrow spectrum)

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20
Q

Amoxicillin is an

A

aminopenicillin

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21
Q

Ampicillin is an

A

aminopenicillin

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22
Q

Metronidazole is

A

a nitroimidazole

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23
Q

Nitroimidazole examples:

A

Metronidazole

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24
Q

Tiamulin is a

A

Pleuromutilin (Class C)

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25
Q

Clindamycin is a

A

Lincosamide (Class C)

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26
Q

Lincomycin is a

A

lincosamide (Class C)

27
Q

Erythromycin is a

A

Macrolide (Class C)

28
Q

Tylosin is a

A

Macrolide (Class C)

29
Q

What class is amoxy/clav

A

Class C

30
Q

Amikacin is

A

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

31
Q

Gentamicin is

A

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

32
Q

Neomycin is

A

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

33
Q

Streptomycin is

A

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

34
Q

Cefalexin is

A

a 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporin (Class C)

35
Q

What class are tetrayclines?

A

Class D

36
Q

What class are penicillins?

A

Class D

37
Q

What class is TMPS?

A

Class D

38
Q

What class are aminoglycosides (except spectomycin)?

A

Class C

39
Q

What class are 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporins?

A

Class C

40
Q

What class are amphenicols?

A

Class C
e.g. chloramphenicol, florfenicol

41
Q

What class are lincosamides?

A

Class C

42
Q

What class are pleuromutilins?

A

Class C

43
Q

What class are macrolides?

A

Class C

44
Q

What class is rifaximin?

A

Class C

45
Q

What class are 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins e.g. ceftiofur?

A

Class B

46
Q

What class are polymixins?

A

Class B

47
Q

What class are quinolones?

A

Class B

48
Q

Examples of quinolones

A
  • Enrofloxacin
  • Marbofloxacin
  • (Fluoroquinolones are a type of quinolone)
49
Q

What class is rifampicin?

A

Class A
AVOID

50
Q

What class are carbapenems?

A

Class A
AVOID

51
Q

Category D antibiotics

A

= prudence
* Use as first line treatments whenever possible
* As always, use only when medically necessary

52
Q

Category C antibiotics

A

= caution
* Use only when there are no suitable Category D alternatives

53
Q

Category B antibiotics

A

= restrict
* These are critically important in human medicine
* Should be used only when there are no Category C or D that would be clinically effective
* Use should be based on antimicrobial culture and sensitivity wherever possible

54
Q

Category A antibiotics

A
  • Not authorised as veterinary medicines in the EU
  • Should not be used in food-producing animals; may be given to companion animals under exceptional circumstances (read = NEVER)
  • Do not use these.
55
Q

True/false: chloramphenicol can be used in food-producing species.

A

False.
Others of this group (e.g. fluorfenicol) can be used, chloramphenicol must not be used in food-producing species.

56
Q

Describe the tissue penetration of aminoglycosides

A

Good penetration into
✅ ECF
✅ Synovial fluid
✅ Peritoneal and pleural fluid
✅ Kidneys (but remember nephrotoxic; avoid in renal disease)

❌ Poor penetration in other tissues

57
Q

Describe the penetration of spectinomycin

A

Good penetration into
✅ ECF
✅ Kidneys

❌ Poor penetration to other tissues

58
Q

Describe the penetration of chloramphenicols

A

✅ Penetrates CSF and most other tissues

59
Q

Describe the penetration of lincosamides

A

Good penetration of
✅ lung
✅ liver
✅ spleen
✅ reproductive tract
✅ skin
✅ bone

60
Q

Describe the penetration of macrolides

A

Good penetration of
✅ Lung
✅ Liver
✅ Spleen
✅ Reproductive tract
✅ Skin
✅ Bone

61
Q

Describe the penetration of penicillin

A

Good penetration of
✅ Soft tissue
✅ Bone
✅ Bile
✅ Urine
✅ Peritoneum

62
Q

Describe the penetration of potentiated sulphonamides

A

Good penetration of
✅ Pleural fluid
✅ Peritoneal fluid
✅ Synovial fluid
✅ Ocular fluids
✅ CSF

63
Q

Describe the penetration of tetracyclines

A

Good penetration of
✅ Lung
✅ Liver
✅ Spleen
✅ Urine
✅ Milk

64
Q

True/false: penicillin could be an appropriate treatment choice for pnuemonia or pleurisy.

A

False.
Penicillin does not penetrate well into the lungs or pleural fluid.

Better choices may include tetracyclines or macrolides.

FARM ANIMAL (56 decks)

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