Antibiotics

Question 1

True/false: penicillin (on its own) is broad spectrum.

Answer 1

False
Penicillin on its own is narrow spectrum.

Question 2

Amoxicillin is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 2

a) broad spectrum

Question 3

Ampicillin is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 3

a) broad spectrum

Question 4

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 4

a) broad spectrum

Question 5

3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 5

Very broad spectrum.
They are also critically important and we should avoid using them.
Example: ceftiofur, cefovecin

Question 6

3rd generation fluoroquinolones are:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 6

Very broad spectrum.
They are critically important and we should avoid using.

Question 7

Penicillin is effective against
a) gram positives
b) gram negatives
c) both

Answer 7

a) gram positives
Cannot be both because penicillin is narrow spectrum

Question 8

TMPS is
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 8

a) broad spectrum

Question 9

Nitroimidazoles are
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum

Answer 9

b) narrow spectrum

Question 10

Nitroimidazoles are effective against:
a) aerobes
b) anaerobes

Answer 10

b) anaerobes

Question 11

Aminoglycosides are
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
c) intermediate spectrum

Answer 11

c) intermediate spectrum

Question 12

Macrolides are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

Answer 12

b) intermediate spectrum

Question 13

Lincosamides are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

Answer 13

b) Intermediate spectrum

Question 14

Tetracylines are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

Answer 14

Very broad spectrum

Question 15

Chloramphenicol is
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

Answer 15

Very broad spectrum

Question 16

Polymixins e.g. colistin are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum

Answer 16

c) narrow spectrum
They are also protected and we should not use.

Question 17

Which are macrolides more effective against?
a) gram positives
b) gram negatives

Answer 17

a) gram positives
moderate-limited effect against gram negatives too

Question 18

Doxycycline is a

Answer 18

Tetracycline

Question 19

Procaine benzylpenicillin is a

Answer 19

beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin (narrow spectrum)

Question 20

Amoxicillin is an

Answer 20

aminopenicillin

Question 21

Ampicillin is an

Answer 21

aminopenicillin

Question 22

Metronidazole is

Answer 22

a nitroimidazole

Question 23

Nitroimidazole examples:

Answer 23

Metronidazole

Question 24

Tiamulin is a

Answer 24

Pleuromutilin (Class C)

Question 25

Clindamycin is a

Answer 25

Lincosamide (Class C)

Question 26

Lincomycin is a

Answer 26

lincosamide (Class C)

Question 27

Erythromycin is a

Answer 27

Macrolide (Class C)

Question 28

Tylosin is a

Answer 28

Macrolide (Class C)

Question 29

What class is amoxy/clav

Answer 29

Class C

Question 30

Amikacin is

Answer 30

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

Question 31

Gentamicin is

Answer 31

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

Question 32

Neomycin is

Answer 32

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

Question 33

Streptomycin is

Answer 33

an aminoglycoside (Class C)

Question 34

Cefalexin is

Answer 34

a 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporin (Class C)

Question 35

What class are tetrayclines?

Answer 35

Class D

Question 36

What class are penicillins?

Answer 36

Class D

Question 37

What class is TMPS?

Answer 37

Class D

Question 38

What class are aminoglycosides (except spectomycin)?

Answer 38

Class C

Question 39

What class are 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporins?

Answer 39

Class C

Question 40

What class are amphenicols?

Answer 40

Class C e.g. chloramphenicol, florfenicol

Question 41

What class are lincosamides?

Answer 41

Class C

Question 42

What class are pleuromutilins?

Answer 42

Class C

Question 43

What class are macrolides?

Answer 43

Class C

Question 44

What class is rifaximin?

Answer 44

Class C

Question 45

What class are 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins e.g. ceftiofur?

Answer 45

Class B

Question 46

What class are polymixins?

Answer 46

Class B

Question 47

What class are quinolones?

Answer 47

Class B

Question 48

Examples of quinolones

Answer 48

* Enrofloxacin * Marbofloxacin * (Fluoroquinolones are a type of quinolone)

Question 49

What class is rifampicin?

Answer 49

Class A AVOID

Question 50

What class are carbapenems?

Answer 50

Class A AVOID

Question 51

**Category D antibiotics**

Answer 51

= prudence * Use as first line treatments whenever possible * As always, use only when medically necessary

Question 52

**Category C antibiotics**

Answer 52

= caution * Use only when there are no suitable Category D alternatives

Question 53

**Category B antibiotics**

Answer 53

= restrict * These are critically important in human medicine * Should be used only when there are no Category C or D that would be clinically effective * Use should be based on antimicrobial culture and sensitivity wherever possible

Question 54

**Category A antibiotics**

Answer 54

* Not authorised as veterinary medicines in the EU * Should not be used in food-producing animals; may be given to companion animals under exceptional circumstances (read = NEVER) * Do not use these.

Question 55

**True/false:** chloramphenicol can be used in food-producing species.

Answer 55

**False.** Others of this group (e.g. fluorfenicol) can be used, chloramphenicol must not be used in food-producing species.

Question 56

Describe the tissue penetration of aminoglycosides

Answer 56

Good penetration into ✅ ECF ✅ Synovial fluid ✅ Peritoneal and pleural fluid ✅ Kidneys (but remember nephrotoxic; avoid in renal disease) ❌ Poor penetration in other tissues

Question 57

Describe the penetration of spectinomycin

Answer 57

Good penetration into ✅ ECF ✅ Kidneys ❌ Poor penetration to other tissues

Question 58

Describe the penetration of chloramphenicols

Answer 58

✅ Penetrates CSF and most other tissues

Question 59

Describe the penetration of lincosamides

Answer 59

Good penetration of ✅ lung ✅ liver ✅ spleen ✅ reproductive tract ✅ skin ✅ bone

Question 60

Describe the penetration of macrolides

Answer 60

Good penetration of ✅ Lung ✅ Liver ✅ Spleen ✅ Reproductive tract ✅ Skin ✅ Bone

Question 61

Describe the penetration of penicillin

Answer 61

Good penetration of ✅ Soft tissue ✅ Bone ✅ Bile ✅ Urine ✅ Peritoneum

Question 62

Describe the penetration of potentiated sulphonamides

Answer 62

Good penetration of ✅ Pleural fluid ✅ Peritoneal fluid ✅ Synovial fluid ✅ Ocular fluids ✅ CSF

Question 63

Describe the penetration of tetracyclines

Answer 63

Good penetration of ✅ Lung ✅ Liver ✅ Spleen ✅ Urine ✅ Milk

Question 64

**True/false:** penicillin could be an appropriate treatment choice for pnuemonia or pleurisy.

Answer 64

**False.** Penicillin does not penetrate well into the lungs or pleural fluid. Better choices may include tetracyclines or macrolides.