22.5.3: The down cow

Question 1

Disease caused by C. perfringens Type A

Answer 1

Gas gangrene and haemorrhagic enteritits

Question 2

Disease caused by C. perfringens Type B

Answer 2

Lamb Dysentery

Question 3

Disease caused by C. perfringens Type C

Answer 3

Struck

Question 4

Disease caused by C. perfringens Type D

Answer 4

Pulpy kidney

Question 5

Disease caused by C. chauvoei

Answer 5

Blackleg

Question 6

Disease caused by C. novyi

Answer 6

Black disease

Question 7

Disease caused by C. septicum

Answer 7

Braxy

Question 8

Disease caused by C. tetani

Answer 8

Tetanus

Question 9

Disease caused by C. sordelli

Answer 9

Gas gangrene

Question 10

Which of the following cause enterotoxaemia?
* C. perfringens Type A
* C. perfringens Type B
* C. perfringens Type C
* C. perfringens Type D
* C. chauvoei
* C. novyi
* C. septicum
* C. tetani
* C. sordelli

Answer 10

• **C. perfringens Type A
• C. perfringens Type B
• C. perfringens Type C
• C. perfringens Type D**

Question 11

1

Answer 11

Pasteurella pneumonia

Question 12

2

Answer 12

Pasteurella septicaemia

Question 13

3

Answer 13

Lamb dysentery

Question 14

4

Answer 14

Pulpy kidney

Question 15

5

Answer 15

Pulpy kidney

Question 16

6

Answer 16

Struck

Question 17

7

Answer 17

Braxy

Question 18

8

Answer 18

Black disease

Question 19

9

Answer 19

Blackleg/tetanus

Question 20

Describe the causative agent of tetanus and how it infects the animal

Answer 20

• Causative agent: Clostridium tetani
• Found in the environment (soil) and enters body through puncture wounds, castration site infection etc.

Question 21

Clinical signs of tetanus and how the disease progresses

Answer 21

• First sign often = elevated tail heaf
• Animals stand with legs abducted (‘sawhorse’ stance)
• Anxious expression: eyes may bulge, ears held back, nostrils flared
• Later on in disease: lockjaw and inability to eructate may lead to moderate bloat
• Recumbency
• Spontaneous seizures
• Death from respiratory failure

Question 22

What clinical signs is this calf showing? What disease might this be suggestive of?

Answer 22

• Recumbency with opisthotonus and rigid limbs
• This calf has tetanus

Question 23

True/false: this calf is having a nap. If you wake it up by loudly calling out and giving it a shake, it will be fine :)

Answer 23

False.
This calf has tetanus. You must reduce stimuli e.g. cover its eyes, block ears with cotton wool, and remain quiet and calm around it, otherwise it could have spontaneous seizures.