22.5.4: Neurological conditions of ruminants - lesion localisation

Question 1

General approach to neurological exam of ruminants

Answer 1

Question 2

1

Answer 2

Cerebrum (forebrain)

Question 3

2

Answer 3

Cerebellum

Question 4

3

Answer 4

Cranial nerves (brainstem)

Question 5

4

Answer 5

Cervical and cranial thoracic spinal cord (C1-T2)

Question 6

5

Answer 6

Thoracolumbar spinal cord (T3-L6)

Question 7

6

Answer 7

Sacrococcygeal spinal cord (S1-S3)

Question 8

For spinal cord lesions, the effect is ———- to the lesion.

Answer 8

For spinal cord lesions, the effect is caudal to the lesion.

Question 9

1

Answer 9

Question 10

2

Answer 10

Question 11

3

Answer 11

Question 12

4

Answer 12

Question 13

5

Answer 13

Question 14

6

Answer 14

Question 15

1

Answer 15

Cerebrum

Question 16

2

Answer 16

Cerebellum

Question 17

3

Answer 17

Vestibular system - central lesion (CN VIII or brainstem)

Question 18

4

Answer 18

Vestibular system - peripheral lesion (CN VIII)

Question 19

1

Answer 19

Cranial nerves I-IV

Question 20

2

Answer 20

Cranial nerves V-VIII

Question 21

3

Answer 21

Cranial nerves IX-XII

Question 22

4

Answer 22

Reticular activating system of brainstem i.e. CN root lesion at the brainstem rather than peripheral lesion

Question 23

1

Answer 23

C1 to C5 vertebrae

Question 24

2

Answer 24

C6 to T2 vertebrae

Question 25

3

Answer 25

T3 to L3 vertebrae

Question 26

4

Answer 26

L4 to L6 vertebrae

Question 27

5

Answer 27

S1 to S3 vertebrae

Question 28

If flexor muscle are innervated by the damaged nerves, the injury will present as…

Answer 28

Hyperextension

Question 29

If extensor muscles are innervated by the damaged nerve, the injury will present as…

Answer 29

Flexion

Question 30

Where can you obtain a CSF sample in ruminants? What considerations are there for each site?

Answer 30

• Atlanto-occipital space - must be under GA because any movement will result in death☠️
• Lumbosacral space between L6 and L7 - can be done standing or if recumbent, place in sternal with hindlimbs forward under animal