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Neuroscience I Exam #1 > Eye And Eye Movement (extra) > Flashcards

Eye And Eye Movement (extra) Flashcards

1
Q

How to test superior and inferior rectus ms.?

A

Abduct eye with lateral rectus m and raise/lower eye. Only SR m or IR m can work on eye if LR m abducts.

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2
Q

How to test superior oblique andingerior oblique ms.?

A

When eyes addicted by MR m, only SO m and IO m can work on eye.

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3
Q

Sensory innervation of the eye

A

Nasociliary n (V1) —> long ciliary n —> choroid, iris, cornea

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4
Q

SNS to the eye

A

Sympathetic root synapse in ciliary ganglion and travels to dilator papillae m and tarsal ms.

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5
Q

PSNS to eye

A

CN III synapses in ciliary ganglion with short ciliary n and acts on sphincter pupillae m and ciliary m/body

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6
Q

Trochlear palsy

A

Head tilts away from affected side. Double vision worse on looking down.

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7
Q

Abducens palsy

A

Cannot look laterally

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8
Q

Oculomotor palsy

A

Down and out eye
Complete ptosis
Pupillary dilation

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9
Q

Pupillary light reflex (4)

A
  1. Retinal cells of CN II sense light and synapse in protectable nucleus.
  2. Cells from pretectal nucleus synapse in Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
  3. Preganglionic cells synapse in ciliary ganglion.
  4. Postganglionic cells will innervate pupillary constrictor m.
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10
Q

Corneal reflex (3)

A
  1. Receptors in cornea detect irritant, travel in CN V, and synapse in trigeminal nucleus.
  2. Cells from trigeminal nucleus projects in facial nucleus.
  3. Facial n will cause eye to blink.
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11
Q

Fibrous layer of eye

A

Sclera and cornea

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12
Q

Vascular layer of eye

A

Choroid, ciliary body and iris

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13
Q

Inner layer of eye

A

Retina

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14
Q

Palpebrae conjunctiva

A

On inner eyelid

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15
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

On outermost eye

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16
Q

Superior tarsal m.

A

Innervated by SNS. Partially closes eye. Partial ptosis is affected.

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17
Q

What muscle closes eyelid?

A

Orbicularis oculi m.

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18
Q

Venous drainage from eye into the cavernous sinus

A

Vortices veins drain into superior ophthalmic v and inferior ophthalmic v to cavernous sinus.

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19
Q

Venous drainage to Pterygoid plexus

A

Infraorbital v (from facial v) and from inferior ophthalmic v send a branch to pterygoid plexus

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20
Q

Tear production (3)

A
  1. Greater petrosal n (CN VII) and deep petrosal n become N of pterygoid canal.
  2. Will synapse in Pterygopalatine ganglion.
  3. Postganglionic fibers will travel on V2 (zygomatic branch) to a communicating branch then to lacrimal n (V1).
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21
Q

Lacrimal apparatus and drainage

A

Lacrimal gland makes tears. They drain into lacrimal canaliculi —> lacrimal sac —> nasolacrimal duct.

22
Q

Flow of aqueous humor (4)

A
  1. Ciliary process secrete aqueous humor into posterior chamber.
  2. Flows thru pupil to anterior chamber (nourishes lens and cornea).
  3. Drains thru trabecular meshwork to sclera venous sinus.
  4. Humor removed by limbdal plexus.
23
Q

Relationships of the sinuses to the orbit

A

Frontal sinuses superior
Maxillary sinuses inferior
Ethmoid sinuses medial
Sphenoid sinuses posterior

24
Q

Orbital blow out fx

A

From indirect trauma.
Occurs medially and inferiorly involving maxillary bone.
Contents can be trapped in maxillary sinus.
Double vision, exophthalmos.

25
Q

Angle of axis of orbit

A

45

26
Q

Angle of the lateral walls of orbit

A

90

27
Q

What axis is parallel?

A

Orbital axis (axes of gaze)

28
Q

Intorsion vs extorsion

A

Intorsion (medial rotation)

Extorsion (lateral rotation)

29
Q

Where do the rectus ms. originate?

A

Tendinous ring

30
Q

Action of superior oblique m.

A

Abduct, depress and medially rotate eyeball

31
Q

Action of inferior oblique m.

A

Abduct, elevate and laterally rotate eyeball

32
Q

Action of inferior rectus m.

A

Depresses, adducts and laterally rotates eyeball

33
Q

Action of superior rectus m.

A

Elevates, adducts and medially rotates eyeball

34
Q

Adductors of eye

A

Medial rectus m.

Superior and inferior rectus ms.

35
Q

Abductors of eye

A

Lateral rectus m.

Superior and inferior oblique ms.

36
Q

Elevate eyes

A

SR m.

IO m.

37
Q

Abduct and elevate

A

IO m.

38
Q

Adduct and elevate

A

SR m.

39
Q

Abduct and depress

A

SO m.

40
Q

Adduct and depress

A

IR m.

41
Q

Depress eyes

A

SO m.

IR m.

42
Q

How to test the superior/inferior rectus ms. clinically:

A

Abduct eye, then have pt look up or down.
Can’t look up: SR m.
Cant’t look down: IR m.

43
Q

How to test the superior/inferior oblique ms. clinically:

A

Adduct eye, then have pt look up or down.
Can’t look up: IO m.
Can’t look down: SO m.

44
Q

Which nerves do NOT enter via the tendinous ring?

A

Lacrimal n.
Frontal n.
CN IV

45
Q

What muscle keeps eyelid open?

A

Tarsal ms.

46
Q

Central retinal v. occlusion

A

Hardening of CRA and HTN can compress the CRV.

Ketchup looking.

47
Q

Central retinal a. occlusion

A

From atherosclerosis, embolism.

Retina is white. Cherry red spot.

48
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Between cornea and iris/pupil

49
Q

Posteriro chamber

A

Between iris pupil and lens/ciliary body

50
Q

How does ciliary body assist in near vision?

A

Contracts ciliary ms. –> reduced tension on suspensory L.

Lens becomes rounder.

Neuroscience I Exam #1 (25 decks)

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