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Neuroscience I Exam #1 > Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus > Flashcards

Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

When do NCCs migrate into the future head and neck?

A

Early 4th week

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2
Q

What are the first pair of arches called?

A

Primordial jaws

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3
Q

What are rhombomeres (R1-7)?

A

Divisions of hindbrain that contribute NCC into tje pharyngeal arches.

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4
Q

Which rhombomeres contribute to which pharyngeal arches?

A 
PA1 = R1-2
PA2 = R4
PA3/4 = R6/7

R3 and R5 don’t produce much NCC.

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5
Q

What layers are in a pharyngeal arch?

A

Inner endoderm.
Mesenchyme core.
Outer ectoderm.

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6
Q

1st arch gives rise to:

A

Maxillary and mandibular prominences

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7
Q

2nd arch does what?

A

Overgrows PA3/PA4 and forms cervical sinus (occurs in week 5, and disappears week 7).

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8
Q

What else does NCCs form?

A

CT, integument and smooth muscles.

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9
Q

What kind of mesoderm migrates into each arch?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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10
Q

What are angioblasts from? What does it become?

A

From lateral plate mesoderm, and becomes endothelium.

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11
Q

Each arch has what components? (4)

A

Artery
Cartilaginous rod
Muscular component
Nerves

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12
Q

What do PA arteries arise from?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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13
Q

What is Meckel’s cartilage?

A

The cartilage of PA1.

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14
Q

What do dorsal parts of the Meckel’s cartilage become?

A

Dorsal parts break away and ossify to become malleus and incus.

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15
Q

What do the anterior ligament of the malleus and sphenomandibular L. come from?

A

Perichondrium of Meckel’s cartilage (PA1).

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16
Q

What does the ventral part of Meckel’s cartilage become?

A

The primordium of the mandible.

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17
Q

What is Riechert’s cartilage?

A

Cartilage of PA2.

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18
Q

What does the stapes come from?

A

Dorsal part of Riechert’s cartilage.

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19
Q

What does the ventral end of Riechert’s cartilage become?

A

Lesser horn of the hyoid bone

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20
Q

What does 3rd arch cartilage become?

A

It ossifies to form greater horn/cornu of hyoid

21
Q

What does hypopharyngeal eminence form?

A

Body of hyoid.

22
Q

What do the 4th and 6th PA cartilage form?

A

They form laryngeal cartilages (besides epiglottis).

23
Q

What happens to 5th arch cartilage?

A

Degenerates

24
Q 
1st arch muscles:
2nd arch muscles:
3rd arch muscles:
4th arch muscles:
5th arch muscles:

Include innervation

A

1st: muscles of mastication. CN V.
2nd: stapedius m., ms. of facial expression. CN VII.
3rd: stylopharyngeus m. CN IX.
4th: cricothyroid m., levator veli palatini m. and pharyngeal constrictor ms. CN X.
6th: intrinsic ms. of larynx. CN X.

25
Q

SVE supply

SVA supply

A

SVE: muscles derived from arches.
SVA: dermis and mucous membranes of head/neck.

26
Q

Which CN supplies PA1?

A

CN V

27
Q

Which CN supplies PA2?

A

CN VII

28
Q

Which CN supplies PA3?

A

CN IX

29
Q

Which CN supplies PA4-6?

A

CN X

30
Q

3rd arch arteries become:
Dorsal aortae become:
Common carotids become:

A

3rd arch arteries become: common and internal carotids.
Dorsal aortae become: distal internal carotids.
Common carotids become: create external carotids de novo.

31
Q

What makes primordial pharynx?

A

Foregut endoderm

32
Q

Pharyngeal clefts, pouches and membranes

A

Pharyngeal clefts are external.
Pharyngeal pouches are internal.
Pharyngeal membranes separate pouches from grooves.

33
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal membrane become?

A

Tympanic membrane

34
Q

What does 1st pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Ear anatomy

35
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Creates tonsillar sinus, tonsillar crypts (endoderm), lymphoid tissue (mesenchyme), lymphatic nodules.

36
Q

What does 3rd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Inferior parathyroids and thymus.

37
Q

What does 4th pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Superior parathyroids

38
Q

What does 1st pharyngeal grooves become?

A

External acoustic meatus

39
Q

Where are grooves 2-4?

A

Lie in the cervical sinus

40
Q

Cervical (Branchial) Cysts

A

Remnants of cervical sinus (2nd groove)
Lie free in neck, inferior to mandible.
Accumulation of fluid/cellular debris from desquamation.

41
Q

How does thyroid form?

A

Primordial pharynx thickens and descends from tongue area and ventral to the laryngeal cartilage.

42
Q

Thyroglossal duct

A

Connects tongue to thyroid

43
Q

TH levels in:
11th wk
20th wk
35th wk

A

11th wk - colloid appears and TH synthesis occurs.
20th wk - fetal TSH and T3/4 increase.
35th wk - TSH and T3/4 are adult levels.

44
Q

What is the ultimopharyngeal body from?

What does it form?

A 
From the ventral part of 4th pouch.
Parafollicular cells (from NCC).
45
Q

Treacher-Collins syndrome (PA1 syndrome)

A

Deficits w/ downward slanting features, deformed, eyelids, external ears, sometimes middle and inner ears.
Ribosomes do not function –> apoptosis of cranial NCC.

46
Q

Pierre Robin sequence (PA1 syndrome)

A

Associated w/ hypoplasia of mandible (micrognathia), cleft palate, eye/ear defects.

47
Q

Thyroid hemiagenesis

A

UL absence of thyroid (usually Left).

Mutations in receptor for TSH usually involved.

48
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A

Agenesis of thyroid and parathyroid glands.
Low PTH.
Cardiac abnormalities, immune problems, etc.

Neuroscience I Exam #1 (25 decks)

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