EYE Flashcards
Blepharitis
non-ulcerative vs ulcerative
non: assc w skin issue(sebborrheic)/trisomy21/lice
d/t chemical/environmental
ulcerative:involves lash n meibomian gland, pustules at follicle=crust/bloody/thick breaking lashes
Blepharitis mgmt non-pharm
lid scrub, massage meibomian gland
Blepharitis tx
resistant tx
bacitracin, erythromycin, quinolone ointment
PO: doxycylcine, tetracycline
Hordeolum internal vs external
internal-inflammation/infection of meibomian gland
external-eyelid/lash affected
(((((Tender stye)))))
Chalazion
granulomatous infection of meibomian gland
painless swelling, NO exudate
Chalazion mgmt
compress
steroid inj
lid massage/scrub
Conjunctivitis bacterial causes
staph, strep, h.flu, m.cat, pseudomonas
Gonococcal, chlamydial
Conjunctivitis viral caused by
adenoviruses- coxsacki, varicella zoster, herpes simplex/zoster
flourescein stain=dendrites
Conjunctivitis allergic tx
topical decongestant antihistamine -naphazoline HCl Mast cell stabilizers -olopatadine -azelastine
Conjunctivits bacterial tx
drops
sulfacetamide
tobramycin
Ciprofloxacin
Conjunctivitis chlamydial/gonococcal tx
PO PCN and Doxy
eye: refer to opth, gentamicin
Cellulitis caused by
refer out*
staph, strep, strep pna, H.flu, fungus
Pingueculum and pterygium
conjunctival lesions d/t epithelial hyperplasia
^sun exposure, environmental irritants
Pingueculum vs pterygium
pingueculum- yellow growth
pterygium- vascularized lesion
Pingueculum, pterygium tx
opth lube, antiinflammatory (voltaren/ketolorac) topical steroid (rimexolone, loteprednol)
Corneal abrasion tx
tobramycin, cipro ointment
cipro, ofloxacin drops
Dacryostenosis most common cause of
epiphoria (^tearing) and NB ocular discharge
Dacryostenosis causes
TX
NB- inferior turbinate fails to complete canalization in NB period
Infection-staph or strep
lacrimal duct massage, abx drops
Dacryostenosis findings
Lacrimal sac distension/inflammation
Puncture pressure=mucus reflux
What is Hyphema
When does it happen
What does it look like
hemorrhage into anterior chamber of eye d/t iris or ciliary body rupture
spontaneous or d/t trauma
visible fluid line in pupil
Hyphema prevention
protection, control dm and hemophilia
Glaucoma risk factors
open angle and closed angle
open-DM, AA,
angle closure-hyperopia, small cornea (>25mmhg iop)
**anticholinergics can ^IOP
Open angle glaucoma tx
beta blocker (vAqueous humor production) prostaglandin analogs(-prost) =brown iris (^AH outflow)
angle closure glaucoma tx
vIOP during acute attack
acetazolamide, IV mannitol, topical pilocarpine
laser iridotomy or peripheral iridectomy
bedrest
Diabetic retinopathy findings
microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhage, macular edema, lipid deposits
nerve fiber infarctions (cotton wool), venous beading/dilation, edema
Diabetic retinopathy tx
lisinopril (slows progression)
laser tx if proliferative
Macular degeneration =blindness
dry vs wet
dry-retinal degeneration
wet-new blood vessels form under retina and in macula=distortion/visual loss
Macular degeneration early indicator
yellow round spots (drusen)
Macular degeneration mgmt
int state=antioxidant vits/zinc
thermal laser photocoagulation for wet, not for central macular area
Cellulitis tx
cephalosporin, ampicillin-clavulanic acid; IV abx
Corneal abrasion vs erosion
Epithelium
Underlying stromal layer
Foreign body tx
Erythromycin, tobramycin
Ciprofloxacin, oflox
Dry eye causes
Sjrogens
Infection
Trauma, CN8 Palsy
vTear production
vTear production causes
Dry eye
Anticholinergics, b-blockers, antihistamines
vEstrogen
Computer/microscope=vBlinks
Dry eye levels 1 2 3 4
1: avoid triggers;modifications
2: lubricants, topical antiinflammatory, topical/systemic omega3s
3: autologous serum, lenses, punctual occlusion
4: systemic antiinflammatory, surgery
Cataracts mgmt
Control health, uv glasses, no drinking/smoking
