Adrenal and parathyroid diseases

Question 1

addisons disease

Answer 1

hypo function of adrenal gland d/t vCortisol or aldosterone =vGlucocorticoids/mineralocorticoids

Question 2

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 2

pituitary gland does not produce enough acth =vCortisol production=Adrenal glands shrink dt vACTH stimulation

Question 3

Cushings syndrome

Answer 3

hypercortisolemia dt pituitary tumor(adenoma)= ^ACTH

Question 4

Dx cushings

Answer 4

24hr urine of cortisol , midnight salivary test

Question 5

cushings tx

Answer 5

high protein, K supps, 
ketoconazole
mitotane 
metyrapone
if DM caused by cushings-mifepristone

Question 6

pheochromocytoma

Answer 6

catecholamine non-CA tumor in adrenal medulla=hyperthyroid multisystem sx’s

Question 7

Pheochromocytoma screening test

Answer 7

24hr urine-catecholamines, metanephrines (or blood), vanillymandelic acid

Question 8

Hyperparathyroidism causes

Answer 8

hyperplasia, adenoma, malignant tumor

secondary-d/t disorder (vVit D/CKD)

Question 9

Hyperparathyroid sx

Answer 9

^Ca, bone loss, depression, vomiting, kidney stones

Question 10

Hyperparathyroid dx

Answer 10

^PTH w ionized calcium, hypophosphatemia

Question 11

Hyperparathyroid Mgmt

Answer 11

parathyroidectomy, vitD2, bisphonates, hormone replacement for postmenopausal w/ osteoporosis sx

Question 12

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 12

vPTH dt removal/injury to parathyroid/autoimmune

secondary-dt disease (DiGeorge, radiation)

Question 13

Hypothyroidism sx

Answer 13

vCa, vHair, dry skin/nails, painful menses, dyspnea, paresthesias/muscle cramps/tetany, seizure
Chvostek or Trousseau’s sign

Question 14

Hypoparathyroid dx

Answer 14

vPTH w CA, Hyperphosphatemia

Question 15

Hypoparathyroid tx

Answer 15

Ca, ^VitD, Parathyroid hormone injection if severe