Extra Terms

Question 1

less neurotransmitters, more receptors

Answer 1

down-regulation

Question 2

more neurotransmitters, less receptors

Answer 2

up-regulation

Question 3

tip of growing neuronal axon

Answer 3

growth cone

Question 4

structural proteins that move proteins

Answer 4

microtubules/neurofilaments

Question 5

bind to signals and convey signals between neurons

Answer 5

neurotransmitter transporters and receptors

Question 6

bind and transport ions, establish and maintain electrical signals within cell

Answer 6

neurotransmitter channels and pumps

Question 7

differences in __ across the cell membrane give the cell its charge

Answer 7

ion concentration

Question 8

determines the vM by considering the concentration of ions and permeability of ions across the membrane

Answer 8

Goldman Equation

Question 9

protein in the membrane that forms a channel from inside to outside

Answer 9

ion pore

Question 10

produces refractory period by making sure the gate stays closed, regardless of the other gate and timer (Na+)

Answer 10

inactivation gate

Question 11

time after stimulation where a cell cannot be stimulated again (Na+)

Answer 11

refractory period

Question 12

allows for Na+ conductance to depolarize entire axon by delaying potassium channels from opening for 1msc after depolarization

Answer 12

delay mechanism

Question 13

movement of action potential down the axon

Answer 13

propogation

Question 14

basis of neural signaling

Answer 14

depolarization

Question 15

movement of ions in vs. movement of ions out; the change in these cause fluctuation in vM

Answer 15

relative contributions

Question 16

synthesized from tyrosine

Answer 16

catechloamines

Question 17

synthesizes DA, NE, and E; produces negative feedback and shuts off DA and NE synthesis

Answer 17

tyrosine hydroxylase (THO)

Question 18

synthesized from tryptophan

Answer 18

indolamines

Question 19

naturally occurring drug that blocks AChE

Answer 19

physostigmine

Question 20

blocks glycine and causes spinal seizures

Answer 20

strychnine

Question 21

small and variable changes in the membrane potential

Answer 21

post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs)

Question 22

used to open gates when neurotransmitter binds to metabotropic receptor

Answer 22

intracellular signaling molecule

Question 23

using GABA to block incoming action potentials from reaching the synaptic terminal

Answer 23

presynaptic inhibition

Question 24

recycles GABA back to glutamate for reuse

Answer 24

GABA transminase

Question 25

synthesizes DA from L-Dopa, produces serotonin

Answer 25

5HTP Decarboxylase