Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biopsych > Block 6 > Flashcards

Block 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The concept that sensory systems filter stimuli to concentrate on novel stimuli

A

adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The intensity of a stimulus is represented by ___

A

action potential frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each sensory system in the brain has __ and __ structures devoted to that sensory function

A

cortical; sub-cortical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

somatic sensation is…

A

feelings from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 factors that contribute to bodily awareness in space

A

pressure from the body surface, vibration of the skin, and deflection of hair on the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

free nerve endings of small, myelinated and unmyelinated fibers that transport information regarding noxious stimuli to the CNS

A

nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tissue damage depolarizes __ directly

A

nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

changing physical energy in the form of pressure, stretch, or vibration into neural energy

A

transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensory organs that accomplish transduction for nerve endings

A

mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___ located in the DRG have very specialized neurites projecting into the periphery that conduct action potentials

A

primary sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

produced when neurites transduce physical energy into neural energy by directly depolarizing the most peripheral

A

generator potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

graded in amplitude according to strength of the stimulus; this amplitude is converted into action potential frequency in the neurite

A

generator potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

generator potential intensity is represented by __ of action potential firing

A

frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

generator potentials are __: do not exist for the duration of the stimulus

A

self-terminating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sensory information ends up in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe as the primary ___

A

sensory homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the somatotopic map (__) is a neural representation of the body surface

A

homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 parts of the ear

A

outer ear, middle ear, inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

outer ear; flaps of skin and cartilage that focus sound waves

A

pinna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

separates the outer from the middle ear

A

eardrum/tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

middle ear; vibrations cause compression of the tympanic membrane, which moves the first of three tiny bones, the __

A

malleus (mallet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

middle ear; the malleus hammers into the __, which vibrates the __

A

incus (anvil); stapes (stirrup)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the moving of the three tiny bones deforms a membrane called the __, which separates the air filled middle ear from the fluid filled inner ear

A

oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

main 2 parts of the inner ear

A

cochlea and vestibular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

deformation of the oval window causes movement of fluid and structures in the __

A

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

inner ear; a fluid filled chamber in the middle of the cochlea (cochlear duct)

A

scala media

26
Q

inner ear; resonant structure within the cochlear duct that houses neurons that transduce sound energy into neural energy

A

basilar membrane

27
Q

basilar membrane becomes deformed by the fluid wave and the shearing force bends ___, which activates or inhibits the associated neurite

A

stereocilia on hair cell

28
Q

when stereocilia bends one way, Ca fluxes into neurite and __ the nerve fiber

A

depolarizes

29
Q

when stereocilia bends the opposite way, K fluxes out of neurite and __ the nerve fiber

A

hyperpolarizes

30
Q

attached to cochlea; controls balance and angular movements

A

vestibular system

31
Q

brain determines body position with respect to gravity, using two inner ear structures, the __ and __

A

utricle, saccule

32
Q

each chamber of the vestibular system contains sensory hair cells with __

A

stereocilia

33
Q

stereocilia are bent by the action of calcium carbonate crystals called __ in cochlear fluid

A

otoliths

34
Q

head movement in any direction starts a __ in hair cells

A

generator potential

35
Q

lobe associated primarily with motor function

A

frontal

36
Q

lobe associated primarily with sensory function

A

parietal

37
Q

first fold rostral to the central sulcus

A

precentral gyrus

38
Q

What kind of neurons does the motor homunculus contain?

A

pyramidal motor neurons

39
Q

stimulating this activates axon collaterals innervating lower motor neurons in the ventral horn at several levels of the spinal cord; produces localized movements involving several muscles and joints

A

motor cortex

40
Q

~30,000 giant pyramidal cells (betz cells) in each primary motor cortex

A

pyramidal system

41
Q

midbrain structure that exerts a diffuse and coordinating influence over the output of neurons in the primary motor cortex

A

basal ganglia

42
Q

3 areas that are prone to a number of diseases whose symptoms always include inhibition of voluntary movements and initiation of motor movements

A

caudate, putamen (striatum) and globus pallidus

43
Q

basal ganglia has a role in __ aspects of motor performance

A

volitional

44
Q

__ is vulnerable to blockage (stroke)

A

basal ganglia

45
Q

vascular supply of the internal capsule and striatum has __ (fine arteries) and __ (fine veins)

A

arterioles, venules

46
Q

__ stroke consequence; loss of blood flow

A

first; ischemia

47
Q

__ stroke consequence; inadequate oxygen

A

second; hypoxia

48
Q

__ stroke consequence; absence of oxygen

A

third; anoxia

49
Q

__ stroke consequence; tissue damage

A

fourth; infarct

50
Q

deficit in striatal dopamine levels secreted by substantia nigra neurons; characterized by an inability to initiate movement (akinesia) and a pill rolling tremor

A

Parkinson’s

51
Q

Parkinson’s treatment that loses effectiveness as disease proceeds because it treats the symptoms, not the disease

A

L-dopa

52
Q

Parkinson’s treatment that is controversial

A

transplant dopaminergic tissue

53
Q

deficit in striatal cells secreting ACh and GABA; excess of undesired movements and lack of muscle tone

A

Huntington’s

54
Q

sudden limb movements in Huntington’s; called __ when violent

A

choreas; hemiballismus

55
Q

dorsal to pons and 4th ventricle; exerts a precise and coordinated, but limited influence over the activity of the extrapyramidal system, especially with respect to motor execution

A

hindbrain

56
Q

most caudally in the flocculonodular lobe; involved in balance and eye movements

A

vestribulocerebellum

57
Q

the bulk of the human cerebellum; involved in motor execution

A

spinocerebellum

58
Q

surrounds the spinocerebellum laterally and dorsally; involved in motor planning

A

corticocerebellum

59
Q

seizures in only part of the body; results from unbounded excitation in a restricted brain region

A

focal epilepsy

60
Q

seizures involving the entire body

A

generalized epilepsy

61
Q

absence seizures; not dramatic or life threatening

A

petit mal

62
Q

forceful muscle constriction causing rigidity (tonus) followed by dramatic jerking movements (clonus)

A

grand mal seizures

Biopsych (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions