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Biopsych > Block 2 > Flashcards

Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most brain function can be explained by the influence that the movement of these 3 salt atoms (ions) across the neuronal membrane have on the electrical charge of a neuron

A

potassium, sodium, chloride

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2
Q

All matter is formed of __

A

atoms

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3
Q

Atoms bond together into aggregates called __

A

molecules

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4
Q

Atoms that have either lost or gained a charge

A

ions

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5
Q

Positively charged ions

A

cations

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6
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

anions

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7
Q

A negatively charged surface attracts __ ions

A

positive

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8
Q

A positively charged surface attracts __ ions

A

negative

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9
Q

one mole of particles in one liter of solution

A

one molar solution

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10
Q

μM (micromole)

A

one millionth of a mole

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11
Q

mM (millimole)

A

one thousandth of a mole

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12
Q

nM (nanomole)

A

one billionth of a mole

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13
Q

intracellular environment is rich in what ion?

A

potassium

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14
Q

extracellular environment is rich in what ion?

A

sodium

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15
Q

adaptation occurred and first existing neurons placed leaky, porous proteins in the membrane called ___ so that ions could enter and exit

A

ion pores

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16
Q

proteins anchored in the membrane that form a channel from inside to outside

A

ion pores

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17
Q

monomer ion pore

A

only have one protein

18
Q

polymer ion pore

A

many proteins linked together

19
Q

each of the ion pores have ___ trans-membrane regions and __ intracellular and extracelular regions

A

hydrophobic ; hydrophilic

20
Q

What happens when potassium channels are open? Why does this happen?

A

potassium will move across the membrane and down its electro-chemical gradient following the Laws of Thermodynamics

21
Q

Describes the process of disorder in a system; evens out highly organized concentration gradients; ex diffusion: movement of ions from areas of high concentration (organized) to areas of low concentration (disorganized)

A

entropy

22
Q

Pushes K+ out of the cell and down the concentration gradient; depends on the difference between extracellular and intracellular concentrations (greater the difference = greater the push)

A

entropy

23
Q

principles of opposites attracting; electrostatic force: developing negative charge in a cell will stop the flow of positively charged potassium from leaving the cell

A

enthalpy

24
Q

the point where enthalpy (electrostatic force) balances out entropy (diffusion force) for any charged ion

A

equilibrium

25
Q

the difference in ___ across the cell membrane gives the cell its charge (an electrical value)

A

ion concentration

26
Q

the electrical charge necessary to balance out the process of diffusion; can be calculated by the nernst equation

A

equilibrium potential

27
Q

equilibrium potential for potassium; K+ will always try to make the cell this value

A

-93MV

28
Q

actual charge inside the cell

A

membrane potential

29
Q

resting potential of cell

A

-70mV

30
Q

upward deflection; gaining of positive charge in the neuron; charge goes towards 0

A

depolarization

31
Q

downward deflection; gaining of negative charge in the neuron; charge goes away from 0

A

hyperpolarization

32
Q

Which ions influence the vM of a neuron?

A

sodium, chloride, potassium

33
Q

equilibrium potential for sodium

A

+56 mV

34
Q

equilibrium potential for chloride

A

-66mV

35
Q

The equilibrium potentials for chloride and sodium have a __ influence on the vM

A

depolarizing

36
Q

__ of each ion plays a role in the vM

A

permeability (leakiness)

37
Q

Relative Permeabilities (most permeable to least permeable)

A

K : Cl : Na

38
Q

Resting Potential of the cell should be closer to __ and __ than __

A

Potassium, Chloride, Sodium

39
Q

determines the vM by considering the concentration of ions and permeability of ions across the membrane

A

Goldman equation

40
Q

Makes up for the 3mV unaccounted for by the Goldman equation

A

sodium/potassium pump

41
Q

Maintains the ion gradient, prevents continuous leaking

A

sodium/potassium pump

42
Q

Sodium/potassium pump moves __ sodium ions __ and __ potassium ions __

A

3 sodium ions out; 2 potassium ions in

Biopsych (11 decks)

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