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Biopsych > Block 10 > Flashcards

Block 10 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the action of drugs on living organisms

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

drug-induced changes in the functioning of nerve cells

A

neuropharmacology

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3
Q

drug-induced changes in behavior

A

psychopharmacology

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4
Q

drug-induced changes in the function of select neurons that influence specific behaviors

A

neuropsychopharmacology

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5
Q

molecular changes produced by drug binding to a target site or receptor

A

drug action

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6
Q

drug/receptor interactions that produce the desired effect

A

therapeutic effect

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7
Q

drug effects other than the desired effect that vary from annoying to dangerous

A

side effect

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8
Q

classification of drugs that produce general decrease in cognitive and behavioral processes

A

depressants

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9
Q

alcohol, marijuana, barbiturates, benzos are examples of ___

A

depressants

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10
Q

classification of drugs that produce an increase in behavior and thought

A

stimulants

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11
Q

nicotine, caffeine, amphetamine, and cocaine are examples of ___

A

stimulants

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12
Q

classification of drugs that alter your perception of reality

A

hallucinogens and opiates

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13
Q

LSD and derivatives, and opium are examples of __

A

hallucinogens and opiates

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14
Q

3 factors that influence drug action in the CNS

A

chemical structure, dose, bioavailability

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15
Q

determines how quickly and how much is liberated and absorbed into blood, how quickly it reaches target, and how quickly the drug effect occurs

A

administration

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16
Q

release of drug into a biological system from an administered form

A

liberation

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17
Q

chemicals to facilitate ability of drugs to exist in different forms

A

excipients

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18
Q

movement of drug from site of administration to the blood circulation to the body; influenced by route of administration and liberation factors

A

absorption and distribution

19
Q

duration of effectiveness before the drug is broken down and inactivated

A

elimination

20
Q

the amount of time it takes to eliminate 50% of the drug from the body

A

half-life

21
Q

it typically takes __ half-lives to reduce a drug to ineffective concentrations

A

6

22
Q

drug metabolism typically occurs in the __

A

liver

23
Q

phase of biotransformation; modification (oxidation or hydrolysis) of parent structure that produces a polar metabolite that can then be rid from the body in urine

A

phase I

24
Q

phase of biotransformation; conjugation with a salt or amino acid, produces ionized, biologically inactive molecules

A

phase II

25
Q

inactivates drugs and makes them more water soluble and easier to excrete

A

biotransformation (phase I & II)

26
Q

more and more of the drug becomes required to produce a desired effect

A

tolerance

27
Q

physiological and psychological need for a drug

A

addiction

28
Q

physical and psychological symptoms opposite from those the drug induces

A

withdrawal

29
Q

Where is alcohol distributed?

A

small intestine

30
Q

When is the peak blood concentration of alcohol?

A

30-60 minutes after ingestion

31
Q

How is alcohol eliminated?

A

metabolized by the liver

32
Q

3 effects of alcohol exposure

A

Korsakoff’s disease, liver cirrhosis, fetal alcohol syndrome

33
Q

How is marijuana distributed?

A

enters blood stream through the lungs

34
Q

When is the peak concentration of marijuana? When is the behavioral peak?

A

30 minutes, 2-3 hours

35
Q

3 effects of alcohol on the membrane

A

causes membrane to become more flexible, reduces efficiency of neuronal transmission, disrupts activity of membrane receptors

36
Q

Why do marijuana and alcohol have an effect on the membrane?

A

they are lipophilic and the membrane is a lipid

37
Q

alcohol produces __ by enhancing action of GABA and reducing the action of glutamate

A

global inhibition

38
Q

__ receptors are concentrated in basal ganglia and cerebellum and frontal cortex

A

cannabinoid

39
Q

effects of sedatives/tranquilizers have greater effects than alone when taken together, making them __

A

supra-additive

40
Q

__ and __ have specific binding sites on GABA receptors, making them allosteric modifiers

A

benzodiazapines and barbiturates

41
Q

caffeine is a __ receptor __

A

adenosine agonist

42
Q

Amphetamines and cocaine have powerful stimulant effects through overlapping mechanisms of __

A

dopamine

43
Q

How is cocaine eliminated?

A

metabolized by specific esterase enzyme in the brain

Biopsych (11 decks)

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