External formulation Flashcards
Common Ailments Service
- Acne
- Athletes foot
- Backache (acute)
- Chickenpox
- Cold sores
- Colic
- Conjunctivitis (bacterial)
- Constipation
- Dermatitis (acute)
More but example (most are topical creams
What to recommend for
Ringworm
- Lamisil AT 1% Gel
What to recommend for
Acne vulgaris
Acneside Gel
What to recommend for
Psoriasis and Eczema
- Oilatum Emollient
- Hydrocortisone
What to recommend for
Pruritus
Eurax
What to recommend for
Headlice
Hedrin scalp shampoo
What to recommend for
Pubic lice and Scabies
Lyclear
What to recommend for
Cold sores
Zovirax
What to recommend for
Warts, verrucas, Corns & calluses
Bazuka
What to recommend for
Hair loss
Regaine
What to recommend for
Dandruff
Nizoral - for tough dandruff
What to recommend for
Moles & melanoma
Sunscreen
Symptoms
Ringworm
- Rash
- Scaly, dry, swollen or itchy
- Red, silver or darker than surrounding skin
- Appear anywhere on the body, including the scalp and groin
Treatment for ringworm
- Lamisil AT 1% gel, Lamisil Once
- Fungicidal
- Binds to keratin – prevents re-infection
- 1-2 weeks treatment
- 18 years only
Symptoms
Acne vulgaris
- Spots, oily skin, hot/painful to touch e.g. blackheads and white heads
Treatment for Acne vulgaris
Acneside gel
Antibacterial & removes dead skin cells
Start on lower strengths
Irritation, burning, bleach clothing
Over 12 years old
Pregnancy suitable
Symptoms
Ezema
- Skin becoming itchy, dry, cracked and sore
- Can be small patches of dry skin or large spread and inflammed looks red
Symptoms
Psoriasis
- Red flaky patches of skin with silvery scales
- Can appear on elbows knees scalp and lower back
- Can be itchy and sore
Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment
- Moisturising creams applied directly to the skin to soothe and hydrate it
- Cover the skin with a protective film to trap in moisture
- Lotions for hairy and damaged areas of skin
- Sprays - Hard to reach areas of sore and infected skin
- Ointment - think hard dry skin
- Creams in the daytime
Steroidal creams for psoriosis and eczema
- reduces redness swelling and inflammation cannot use on open wound
- Mild - Hydrocortisone 0.1-2.5%
- Moderate - Clobetasone butyrate
- Potent - Betamethasone valerate 0.1%
- Very potent - Clobetasol propionate
Symptoms
Pruritus
- Itchy skin from insect bits that irritate the skin
- Serious cases could turn into Psoriasis, eczema, scabies
Treatment for Pruritus
- Eurax
- Apply to the affected area 2-3 times daily
- Provides relief from irritation for 6 to 10 hours after each application
Symptoms
Head lice
- Like something is moving in you hair
- Small insects, up to 3 mm long
- Head lice eggs (nits) are brown or white (empty shells) and attached to the hair
Treatment
Head lice
- Combing their hair with a special fine-toothed comb
- Hedrin (Dimeticone 4% lotion)
- Left on hair for a minimum of 8 hours or overnight
Repeat after 7 days
Hedrin
- Only has one excipient Cyclomethicone 5 which is a viscosity agent
Symptoms
Pubic lice
- Itchingin the affected areas, especially at night
- Inflammation caused by scratching
- Tiny insects thatlive on coarse human body hair, such aspubic hair
- Black powder in your underwear
- Blue spots or small spots of blood on your skin, such as on your thighs or lower abdomen
Treatment
Scabies
- Intense itching, especially at night, with a raised rash or spots
- Tiny mites lay eggs in the skin, leaving lines with a dot at one then rash appears starts between fingers
- Rash may spread and turn into tiny spots
- leave dark spots in skin that is brown and black
Treatment
Pubic lice
- Permethrin - Lyclear
- Applied to cover the pubic region, inner thighs down to the knees and any hair that grows up from the pubic area to the chest/stomach
- Left on the skin for 24 hours, after which the treatment areas should be washed thoroughly
Treatment
Scabies
- Applied to the whole body including the neck, palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- On application, the areas between the fingers and toes the wrists, elbows, armpits, external genitalia and the buttocks should be especially carefully treated
- Washed thoroughly 8 – 12 hours after treatment
Symptoms
Cold sore
- Starts with a tingling, itching or burning feeling, small fluid-filled blisters appear
- The blisters can appear anywhere on the face
- Can burst and scab over
- Herpes simplex viruses (HSV)
Treatment
Cold sores
- Aciclovir (brand Zovirax)
- Applied five times daily at approximately four hourly intervals, omitting the night time application
Symptoms
Warts
- Feel firm and rough
- Appear on palms, knuckles, knees and fingers
Skin coloured but may appear darker on dark skin
Symptoms
Verrucas
Appear on feet
Tiny black dots under the hard skin.
Some warts are round, flat and can be yellow (plane warts), can have many
Clusters of warts, spread over an area of skin (mosaic warts) are common on feet and hands
Symptoms
Corns
Small lumps of hard skin
Symptoms
Calluses
Larger patches of rough, thick skin
Treatment
Corns and calluses
- Salicylic acid and lactic acid
- Soak area in warm water & towel dry prior to application
- File area
- Side effects: local skin irritation
- Pregnancy – OK
- Diabetics – Avoid
- Bazuka
- Apply once daily
Pattern boldness
- Permenant hair loss runs in the family
- An illness
- Stress
- Cancer treatment
- Weight loss
- Iron deficiency
Treatment
Hair loss
- 5% for men and 2% for women
- Increases blood flow to hair follicles to stimulate growth
- Solution (age 18-65) and foam (age 18-49)
- Apply 1 mL twice or 1 g twice daily for foam
- Only works whilst using medicine
Symptoms
Dandruff
- White or grey flakes of skin appear on the scalp and in the hair
- Chronic relapsing non-inflammatory hyperproliferative skin condition
- Increased cell turnover
- Possible association with overgrowth of yeast fungus
Treatment
Moles and melanoma
- Appearance of a newmole or a change in an existing mole
- Irregular shape and are more than 1 colour
- Most commonly affected areas arethe back in men and the legs in women
- Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can spread to other organs in the body
- Uncommon in areas that are protected from sun exposure, such as the buttocks and the scalp
- May be larger than normal and can sometimes be itchy or bleed
