Dosage forms

Question 1

Oral dosage

Tablet

Answer 1

• Compact powder granules
• Disintegrate into gastro-intestinal tract enter and absorb in tract

Question 2

Oral dosage

Capsules

Answer 2

• Drug in loose powder form 2 piece hard shell gelatine (hard shell)
• Quick dissolve stomach release drug or liquid emulation made and filled together (soft gel)

Question 3

Oral dosage

Solution

Answer 3

• Drug and excipients completely dissolve (molecular dispersion into individual molecule)
• Single phase system fast acting don’t need to disintegrate
• Can tailor dosage easier

Question 4

Oral dosage

Suspension

Answer 4

• Biphasic system drug and excipient remain in solid particles dispersed in vehicle
• Usually suspending agent keep particle dispersed

Question 5

Oral dosage

Emulsions

Answer 5

• Two liquids are immiscible or partially miscible
  Medicinal oils and supplements lipophilic

Question 6

Rectal & vaginal dosage

Suppositories

Answer 6

• Drug incorporated into water soluble dispersible base melt at body temp
• Released to exert local or systemic effect (paracetamol for baby)

Question 7

Rectal & vaginal dosage

Enema

Answer 7

• Liquid prep for rectal delivery

Question 8

Rectal & vaginal dosage

Foam

Answer 8

• Expand and drug will be more likely in contact
• In pressurised container & drug dissolved in liquid phase

Question 9

Topical and transdermal dosage

Cream

Answer 9

• Semi-solid emulsion topically on skin formulated for other delivery routes
• Base has therapeutic effect oil which is dispersed phase and water as continuous phase (hydrophilic or hydrophobic)
• Used for dehydration sometimes no drug 2 phase system

Question 10

Topical and transdermal dosage

Ointment

Answer 10

• Single-phase usually oily incorporated and dissolved in drug dispersed
• Has emollient property ( hydrating)

Question 11

Topical and transdermal dosage

Gels

Answer 11

• Single-Phase water based solution soluble thickener in solution hydrophilic base

Question 12

Parenteral dosage

Injections

Answer 12

• Sterile liquid drawn up injected from vial or prefilled syringe or ampoule
• IV, IM or SC uses syringe diver pump

Question 13

Parenteral dosage

Infusion

Answer 13

• Delivery of larger volumes IV
• Source of calories or hydrating
• Can be solution or an emulsion

Question 14

Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems

Inhaler

Answer 14

• Pressurised inhaler or dry powder inhaler local effect salbutamol can be systematic

Question 15

Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems

Nebulisers

Answer 15

• Convert liquids to aerosols
• Useful for delivery larger doses for drug

Question 16

Ocular dosage

Answer 16

• Solution, suspension, gel, emulsion consider osmolarity pH and surface tension

Question 17

Aural & Buccal

Answer 17

• through ears via drop potentially
• Mouth and small pores

Question 18

Freely soluable

Answer 18

• only requires 10ml of solvent to dissolve 1g of solute

Question 19

Potency

Answer 19

• Amount of drug left remaining in the dosage form after defined period 95%-105%

Question 20

Physical stability

Answer 20

• Physical state change well dispersion in formulation (emulsion)