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ORG CHEM LAB > EXPT 12 AMINES > Flashcards

EXPT 12 AMINES Flashcards

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1
Q

 organic compounds composed of an AMINO GROUP (–NH2)
 are DERIVATIVES OF AMMONIA in which one or more of the hydrogens has been replaced by an alkyl or aryl group
 these group of compounds are
classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY depending on the number of alkyl or aryl group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom

A

AMINES

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2
Q
  • rich in nitrites
  • used as preservatives (usually in longganisa)
  • toxic
  • nitrosamines - very carcinogenic
A

SALITRE

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3
Q

essential for life

A

AMINO

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4
Q

are commonly prepared through reduction reactions of nitro, nitrites and amino compounds

A

SYNTHESIS OF AMINES

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5
Q

PRIMARY amines are usually prepared by _________ by ALKYL HALIDES

A

DIRECT ALKYLATION OF AMMONIA

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6
Q

the general strategy is to first form a ________ by reacting a nitrogen nucleophile with a carbon electrophile

A

CARBON-NITROGEN BOND

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7
Q

most amines are

A

BRONSTED-LEWIS BASES

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8
Q

amines’ alkaline strength largely depends on the ______ attached to the amino compound

A

SUBSTITUENTS

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9
Q

amines react with _____, accepting protons from the latter to form salt product

A

ACIDS

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10
Q

amines react with acids, accepting ______ from the latter to form salt product

A

PROTONS

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11
Q

amines react with acids, accepting protons from the latter to form _____ product

A

SALT

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12
Q

salitre is also known as

A

CHILE SALTPETER

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13
Q

amines may also react with __________, producing a decolorized solution with white precipitate

A

BROMINE WATER

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14
Q

amines may also react with bromine water, producing a
____________________

A

decolorized solution with white precipitate

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15
Q

product formed in the RXN OF AMINE W/ BROMINE WATER

A

2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

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16
Q

side product formed in the RXN OF AMINE W/ BROMINE WATER that results to decoloration of the solution

A

HYDROBROMIC ACID

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17
Q

reaction involved in the RXN W/ BROMINE WATER

A

ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION

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18
Q

used to differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary amines

A

HINSBER’S TEST

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19
Q

HINSBERG’S TEST reagent

A

benzene sulfonyl chloride

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20
Q

anti-bacterial

A

SULFONAMIDES

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21
Q

SULFONAMIDES from primary amines are _______ in water and re-precipitating with dilute HCl

A

SOLUBLE

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22
Q

secondary amines are _______ in water and dilute HCl

A

INSOLUBLE

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23
Q

liberation of CO2

A

EFFERVESCENCE

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24
Q

RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
primary amine

A

formation of effervescence

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25
Q

RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
secondary amine

A

yellow, oily layer

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26
Q

RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
tertiary amine

A

clear colorless

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27
Q

primary amines react with nitrous acid forming

A

NITROGEN GAS W/ ALCOHOL

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28
Q

secondary amines react with nitrous acid producing

A

N-NITROSAMINE

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29
Q

tertiary amines react with nitrous acid producing

A

WATER-SOLUBLE AMMONIUM SALTS

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30
Q

group of organic chemicals usually composed of benzene and its homologues with an attached NITRO group (–NO2)

A

NITRO

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31
Q

the nitrogen of NITRO has a formal __________, which is a strong electrophile

A

POSITIVE CHARGE

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32
Q

the nitrogen of NITRO has a formal positive charge, which is a _________

A

STRONG ELECTROPHILE

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33
Q

used to identify NITRO COMPOUNDS

A

FERROUS HYDROXIDE TEST

34
Q

POSITIVE RESULT of FERROUS HYDROXIDE TEST

A

REDDISH BROWN PPT

35
Q

nitro compounds oxidize ferrous hydroxide forming a ____________ of ferric hydroxide, while the nitro compound is reduced to a primary amine

A

REDDISH BROWN PPT

36
Q

nitro compounds oxidize ferrous hydroxide forming a reddish-brown precipitate of ferric hydroxide, while the nitro compound is reduced to a __________

A

PRIMARY AMINE

37
Q

during the late ____________, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

A

19th century

38
Q

during the late 19th century, _____ discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

A

JANOVSKY

39
Q

during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with ______ in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

A

ACETONE

40
Q

during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield _____________ due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

A

COLORED COMPLEXES

41
Q

during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of ______________

A

MEISENHEIMER COMPLEXES

42
Q

MONO-nitro substituted benzene will give

A

LIGHT YELLOW

43
Q

DI-nitro substituted benzene will give

A

bluish purple

44
Q

TRI-nitro substituted benzene will give

A

blood red

45
Q

pang dikit sa amino acids

A

PEPTIDE BONDS

46
Q

pinagsama-samang amino acids

A

PEPTIDES

47
Q

building blocks of macromolecules proteins

A

AMINO ACIDS & PEPTIDES

48
Q

these amino acids form _________ through a nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid by the amino group of another amino acid

A

POLYMERS

49
Q

these amino acids form polymers through a ___________ to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid by the amino group of another amino acid

A

NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK

50
Q

amino acids & peptides reaction forms an __________ in between the two linked amino acids; the resulting structure is known as a peptide

A

AMINE BOND

51
Q

amino acids & peptides reaction forms an amide bond in between the two linked amino acids; the resulting structure is known as a ______

A

PEPTIDE

52
Q

bond between a carbonyl & amino group

A

PEPTIDE BOND

53
Q

general test for the presence of amino acids

A

NINHYDRIN TEST

54
Q

yellow solution, a very strong oxidizing agent

A

NINHYDRIN

55
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in NINHYDRIN TEST

A

BLUE TO PURPLE

56
Q

how many amino acids (primary) in the body

A

20
19 - real
1 - IMINO acid (secondary)

57
Q

ninhydrin reacts with the amino acid producing an intermediate product __________, which further reacts forming Ruhemann’s complex

A

HYDRINDANTIN

58
Q

ninhydrin reacts
with the amino acid
producing an intermediate
product hydrindantin, which
further reacts forming
___________

A

RUHEMANN’S COMPLEX

59
Q

__________ proline produces a bright yellow color while asparagine yields a brown-colored product

A

IMINO ACID

60
Q

imino acid proline produces a ________ color while asparagine yields a brown-colored product

A

BIRGHT YELLOW

61
Q

imino acid proline produces a bright yellow color while ________ yields a brown-colored product

A

ASPARAGINE

62
Q

imino acid proline produces a bright yellow color while asparagine yields a _________ product

A

BROWN

63
Q

a protein that binds drugs for activation

A

albumin

64
Q

general test for PEPTIDES

A

BIURET TEST

65
Q
  • may protein sa ihi
  • kidneys not functioning properly
A

PROTEINUREA

66
Q

this chemical reaction is widely
employed to detect the PRESENCE OF PROTEINS & PEPTIDES (especially in MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING)

A

BIURET TEST

67
Q

causes VASOCONSTRICTION

A

COCCAINE

68
Q

basic compound that has many nitrogen in structure

A

ALKALOIDS

69
Q

 are naturally occurring organic compounds containing BASIC NITROGEN ATOMS
 very diverse biomolecules, but all are SECONDARY METABOLITES derived from amino acids or from transamination process
 commonly have MEDICINAL PROPERTIES such as local anesthetics, stimulants and even as an antimalarial, to name a few
 have BITTER taste, mostly colorless, crystalline in structure

A

ALKALOIDS

70
Q
  • local anesthetic
  • poison arrows
  • causes paralysis
A

TUBOCURARINE

71
Q

antimalarial

A

quinine, quinidine

72
Q

mask the bitter taste of alkaloids

A

ERIODICTYON / YERBA SANTA

73
Q

derived from AMINO ACIDS and they share a HETEROCYCLIC RING with NITROGEN

A

TRUE ALKALOIDS

74
Q

compounds in which the NITROGEN derived from an amino acid is NOT PART OF THE HETEROCYCLIC RING

A

PROTOALKALOIDS

75
Q

their BASIC CARBON SKELETONS are NOT DERIVED FROM AMINO ACIDS

A

PSEUDOALKALOIDS

76
Q

qualitative chemical tests can be employed to detect the presence of alkaloids through the ____________

A

FORMATION OF PPT

77
Q

Dragendorff’s reagent (Dr. KBi)

A

Potassium bismuth iodide

78
Q

Mayer’s reagent (MaKMerI)

A

potassium mercuric iodide

79
Q

Valser’s reagent (VaMerI)

A

mercuric iodide

80
Q

Hager’s reagent (HagSaPicA)

A

saturated picric acid

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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