EXPT 12 AMINES Flashcards
organic compounds composed of an AMINO GROUP (–NH2)
are DERIVATIVES OF AMMONIA in which one or more of the hydrogens has been replaced by an alkyl or aryl group
these group of compounds are
classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY depending on the number of alkyl or aryl group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom
AMINES
- rich in nitrites
- used as preservatives (usually in longganisa)
- toxic
- nitrosamines - very carcinogenic
SALITRE
essential for life
AMINO
are commonly prepared through reduction reactions of nitro, nitrites and amino compounds
SYNTHESIS OF AMINES
PRIMARY amines are usually prepared by _________ by ALKYL HALIDES
DIRECT ALKYLATION OF AMMONIA
the general strategy is to first form a ________ by reacting a nitrogen nucleophile with a carbon electrophile
CARBON-NITROGEN BOND
most amines are
BRONSTED-LEWIS BASES
amines’ alkaline strength largely depends on the ______ attached to the amino compound
SUBSTITUENTS
amines react with _____, accepting protons from the latter to form salt product
ACIDS
amines react with acids, accepting ______ from the latter to form salt product
PROTONS
amines react with acids, accepting protons from the latter to form _____ product
SALT
salitre is also known as
CHILE SALTPETER
amines may also react with __________, producing a decolorized solution with white precipitate
BROMINE WATER
amines may also react with bromine water, producing a
____________________
decolorized solution with white precipitate
product formed in the RXN OF AMINE W/ BROMINE WATER
2,4,6-tribromophenylamine
side product formed in the RXN OF AMINE W/ BROMINE WATER that results to decoloration of the solution
HYDROBROMIC ACID
reaction involved in the RXN W/ BROMINE WATER
ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
used to differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary amines
HINSBER’S TEST
HINSBERG’S TEST reagent
benzene sulfonyl chloride
anti-bacterial
SULFONAMIDES
SULFONAMIDES from primary amines are _______ in water and re-precipitating with dilute HCl
SOLUBLE
secondary amines are _______ in water and dilute HCl
INSOLUBLE
liberation of CO2
EFFERVESCENCE
RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
primary amine
formation of effervescence
RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
secondary amine
yellow, oily layer
RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
tertiary amine
clear colorless
primary amines react with nitrous acid forming
NITROGEN GAS W/ ALCOHOL
secondary amines react with nitrous acid producing
N-NITROSAMINE
tertiary amines react with nitrous acid producing
WATER-SOLUBLE AMMONIUM SALTS
group of organic chemicals usually composed of benzene and its homologues with an attached NITRO group (–NO2)
NITRO
the nitrogen of NITRO has a formal __________, which is a strong electrophile
POSITIVE CHARGE
the nitrogen of NITRO has a formal positive charge, which is a _________
STRONG ELECTROPHILE
used to identify NITRO COMPOUNDS
FERROUS HYDROXIDE TEST
POSITIVE RESULT of FERROUS HYDROXIDE TEST
REDDISH BROWN PPT
nitro compounds oxidize ferrous hydroxide forming a ____________ of ferric hydroxide, while the nitro compound is reduced to a primary amine
REDDISH BROWN PPT
nitro compounds oxidize ferrous hydroxide forming a reddish-brown precipitate of ferric hydroxide, while the nitro compound is reduced to a __________
PRIMARY AMINE
during the late ____________, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes
19th century
during the late 19th century, _____ discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes
JANOVSKY
during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with ______ in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes
ACETONE
during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield _____________ due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes
COLORED COMPLEXES
during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of ______________
MEISENHEIMER COMPLEXES
MONO-nitro substituted benzene will give
LIGHT YELLOW
DI-nitro substituted benzene will give
bluish purple
TRI-nitro substituted benzene will give
blood red
pang dikit sa amino acids
PEPTIDE BONDS
pinagsama-samang amino acids
PEPTIDES
building blocks of macromolecules proteins
AMINO ACIDS & PEPTIDES
these amino acids form _________ through a nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid by the amino group of another amino acid
POLYMERS
these amino acids form polymers through a ___________ to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid by the amino group of another amino acid
NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK
amino acids & peptides reaction forms an __________ in between the two linked amino acids; the resulting structure is known as a peptide
AMINE BOND
amino acids & peptides reaction forms an amide bond in between the two linked amino acids; the resulting structure is known as a ______
PEPTIDE
bond between a carbonyl & amino group
PEPTIDE BOND
general test for the presence of amino acids
NINHYDRIN TEST
yellow solution, a very strong oxidizing agent
NINHYDRIN
POSITIVE RESULT in NINHYDRIN TEST
BLUE TO PURPLE
how many amino acids (primary) in the body
20
19 - real
1 - IMINO acid (secondary)
ninhydrin reacts with the amino acid producing an intermediate product __________, which further reacts forming Ruhemann’s complex
HYDRINDANTIN
ninhydrin reacts
with the amino acid
producing an intermediate
product hydrindantin, which
further reacts forming
___________
RUHEMANN’S COMPLEX
__________ proline produces a bright yellow color while asparagine yields a brown-colored product
IMINO ACID
imino acid proline produces a ________ color while asparagine yields a brown-colored product
BIRGHT YELLOW
imino acid proline produces a bright yellow color while ________ yields a brown-colored product
ASPARAGINE
imino acid proline produces a bright yellow color while asparagine yields a _________ product
BROWN
a protein that binds drugs for activation
albumin
general test for PEPTIDES
BIURET TEST
- may protein sa ihi
- kidneys not functioning properly
PROTEINUREA
this chemical reaction is widely
employed to detect the PRESENCE OF PROTEINS & PEPTIDES (especially in MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING)
BIURET TEST
causes VASOCONSTRICTION
COCCAINE
basic compound that has many nitrogen in structure
ALKALOIDS
are naturally occurring organic compounds containing BASIC NITROGEN ATOMS
very diverse biomolecules, but all are SECONDARY METABOLITES derived from amino acids or from transamination process
commonly have MEDICINAL PROPERTIES such as local anesthetics, stimulants and even as an antimalarial, to name a few
have BITTER taste, mostly colorless, crystalline in structure
ALKALOIDS
- local anesthetic
- poison arrows
- causes paralysis
TUBOCURARINE
antimalarial
quinine, quinidine
mask the bitter taste of alkaloids
ERIODICTYON / YERBA SANTA
derived from AMINO ACIDS and they share a HETEROCYCLIC RING with NITROGEN
TRUE ALKALOIDS
compounds in which the NITROGEN derived from an amino acid is NOT PART OF THE HETEROCYCLIC RING
PROTOALKALOIDS
their BASIC CARBON SKELETONS are NOT DERIVED FROM AMINO ACIDS
PSEUDOALKALOIDS
qualitative chemical tests can be employed to detect the presence of alkaloids through the ____________
FORMATION OF PPT
Dragendorff’s reagent (Dr. KBi)
Potassium bismuth iodide
Mayer’s reagent (MaKMerI)
potassium mercuric iodide
Valser’s reagent (VaMerI)
mercuric iodide
Hager’s reagent (HagSaPicA)
saturated picric acid
