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ORG CHEM LAB > EX6: SIMPLE DISTILLATION & CHROMATOGRAPHY > Flashcards

EX6: SIMPLE DISTILLATION & CHROMATOGRAPHY Flashcards

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1
Q

involves the PROCESS OF SEPARATING two or more liquids homogenously mixed but WITH DIFFERENT BOILING POINTS (at least 20 degrees difference)

A

SIMPLE DISTILLATION

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2
Q

when the mixture of liquids to be distilled is heated, the liquid with the _________ TURNS INTO VAPOR FIRST

A

LOWEST BOILING POINT

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3
Q

as the DISTILLATION PROGRESSES, the CONCENTRATION of the lowest boiling component will steadily ________

A

DECREASE

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4
Q

eventually, the TEMPERATURE within the apparatus will BEGIN TO CHANGE and a __________ can NO LONGER BE DISTILLED

A

PURE COMPOUND

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5
Q

the TEMPERATURE within the apparatus will continue to _______ until the BOILING POINT of the other liquid LEFT at the distilling flask

A

INCREASE

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6
Q

when the temperature again stabilizes, another pure fraction of the distillate can be collected

A

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

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6
Q

1) as the solution STARTS TO BOIL, the liquid with the _____________ turns to vapors first

A

LOWEST BOILING POINT

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7
Q

2) this vapor would then be CONDENSED BACK into liquid inside the condenser, which will then be collected as the _______

A

DISTILLATE

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8
Q

utilizes the SAME technique with simple distillation but REPEATED SEVERAL TIMES

A

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

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9
Q

the application of distillation is LIMITED to a certain extent due to the _______of some organic compounds when they are DISTILLED AT NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE

A

DECOMPOSITION

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10
Q

the problem with limitation can be resolved by ___________, thus, lowering the boiling point of the substance

A

LOWERING THE PRESSURE

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11
Q

separation of the LIQUID MIXTURE can be detected through

A

IGNITION TEST

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12
Q

SIMPLEST KETONE

A

ACETONE

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13
Q

an organic sample (acetone) will ignite, thereby can IDENTIFYING WHAT TYPE OF COMPOUND IS THE DISTILLATE

A

IGNITION TEST

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14
Q

acetone (a ketone) will react with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide producing a WINE RED SOLUTION due to the formation of acetone-nitroprusside ion complex

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE TEST

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15
Q

acetone (a ketone) will react with
_________ and _________ producing a WINE RED SOLN

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE

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16
Q

further acidification of the previous reaction of acetone with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide using acetic acid will convert the wine red color into MAGENTA RED SOLN, thereby CONFIRMING THE DISTILLATE AS ACETONE (as elaborated by Le Nobel)

A

REACTION W GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

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17
Q

the PROCESS OF SEPARATING the substances in a complex mixture by their DIFFERENT AFFINITIES TO AN ADSORBENT

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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18
Q

it is one of the MOST USEFUL METHODS OF SEPARATING the components of MINUTE AMOUNT (konting amount) OF MIXTURES

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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19
Q

commonly used for analyzing mixtures of colored chemicals

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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20
Q

chromatography is invented by

A

MIKHAIL SEMYONOVICH TSVET 1901

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21
Q

this technique involves separation of constituent elements of the mixture

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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22
Q

CHROMA

A

COLOR

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23
Q

GRAPHEIN

A

TO WRITE (COLOR WRITING)

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24
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY derived from the Greek words

A

CHROMA & GRAPHEIN

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25
Q

a liquid or solid that is FIXED in a place during the process

A

STATIONARY PHASE

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26
Q

usually a high quality filter paper, or an adsorbent

A

STATIONARY PHASE

27
Q

either liquid or gas which MOVES the samples through the stationary phase during the process

A

MOBILE PHASE

28
Q

solvent or a mixture of solvents

A

MOBILE PHASE

29
Q

___________ INTERACT with adsorbents at DIFFERENT RATES AND INTERACTION

A

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

30
Q

it can only have WEAK VAN DER WAALS FORCES OF ATTRACTION for the adsorbent

A

NON-POLAR

31
Q

interacts through DIPOLE-DIPOLE interactions or HYDROGEN BONDING

A

POLAR

32
Q

POLAR compounds absorb strongly on ___________

A

STATIONARY PHASE

33
Q

NON-POLAR compounds will be only weakly absorbed, and thus, has higher affinity with the___________

A

MOBILE PHASE

34
Q

retention also called

A

RETARDATION

35
Q

the EXTENT OF SEPARATION is measure by the ______________

A

RETENTION FACTOR / RF VALUE

36
Q

RF VALUE depends on the _________ and
___________ of the components of the sample

A

RELATIVE SOLUBILITY & ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES

37
Q

RF VALUE FORMULA

A

distance substance / distance solvent

38
Q

involves a stationary phase made up of an adsorbent (silica gel) coated over an inert solid plate (usually aluminum), and a mobile phase made up of a solvent system (mixture of appropriate solvents)

A

THIN LAYE CHROMATOGRAPHY

39
Q

_______ draws a developing solvent up the TLC plate

A

CAPILLARY PLATE

40
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY:
since different materials will be dissolved and reabsorbed at different rates, _______will take place

A

SEPARATION

41
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY:
the plate is removed from the chamber once the solvent front reaches a __________ near the edge farthest from the point of spotting

A

PREDETERMINED SPOT

42
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY:
this passage of the solvent front through the adsorbent is known as _________

A

DEVELOPING THE PLATE

43
Q

largely depends on ADHESION AND COHESION FORCES which allows the mobile phase to move along the stationary phase due to surface tension

A

PAPER CHROMA

44
Q

PAPER CHROMA:
it is important that the SOLVENT LEVEL is ________ the spots with samples

A

BELOW

45
Q

PAPER CHROMA:
usually, the paper is ___________ and then just stands in the bottom of the container

A

COILED OR FORMED INTO CYLINDER

46
Q

PAPER CHROMA:
spraying the paper with a solution that reacts with the sample allows

A

VISUALIZATION OF THE SPOTS

47
Q

ano ginagamit na solution pang spray that reacts with AMINO ACIDS and give COLORED COMPOUNDS that are usually brown or purple (Ruhemann’s purple)

A

NINHYDRIN SOLUTION

48
Q

brown or purple colored compounds formed by the reaction of ninhydrin solution w amino acids

A

RUHEMANN’S PURPLE

49
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
TEMPERATURE - DISTILLATE A

A

57 C

50
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
TEMPERATURE - DISTILLATE B

A

100 C

51
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
COMPOUND - DISTILLATE A

A

ACETONE

52
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
COMPOUND - DISTILLATE B

A

WATER

53
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
POLARITY - DISTILLATE A

A

NON-POLAR

54
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
POLARITY - DISTILLATE B

A

POLAR

55
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
IGNITION TEST - DISTILLATE A

A

BURN WITH LUMINOUS FLAME

56
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
IGNITION TEST - DISTILLATE B

A

NO IGNITION

57
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
RXN W NA NITROPRUSSIDE - DISTILLATE A

A

WINE RED COLOR

58
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
RXN W NA NITROPRUSSIDE - DISTILLATE B

A

LIGHT PINK COLOR

59
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
RXN W ACETIC ACID - DISTILLATE A

A

MAGENTA RED

60
Q

SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.)
RXN W ACETIC ACID - DISTILLATE B

A

YELLOW

61
Q

INDICATORS TLC

A

BROMOCRESOL GREEN
METHYL RED
METHYL ORANGE
CRYSTAL VIOLET
METHLYLENE BLUE

62
Q

GLYCINE theoretical Rf value

A

0.57

63
Q

LYSINE theoretical Rf value

A

0.53

64
Q

PHENYLALANINE theoretical Rf value

A

0.91

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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