EX1: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Flashcards
SYSTEMIC APPROACH that can give a satisfactory result in IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS IN INORGANIC COMPOUND using qualitative chemical reagents
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
qualitative chemical tests HIGHLY RELY on _______ through observation of test results
ORGANOLEPTIC APPROACH
the use of SENSORY ORGANS in identifying
ORGANOLEPTIC APPROACH
detected by STRONGLY HEATING the said substance with CUPRC OXIDE (CuO)
CARBON & HYDROGEN
it is important in making Co2 & H2O
GLUCOSE
upon heating, the CARBON AND HYDROGEN present in the organic compound are OXIDIZED to ______ and _____, respectively
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
upon heating, the CARBON AND HYDROGEN present in the organic compound are _____ to carbon dioxide and water, respectively
OXIDIZED
upon heating, the ____ and _____ present in the organic compound are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, respectively
CARBON AND HYDROGEN
LIME WATER
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (CaOH)
_____ is detected by lime water
CO2 / CARBON DIOXIDE
CO2 is detected by _____
LIME WATER / CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (CaOH)
____ is detected by anhydrous cupric sulfate
H2O / WATER
H2O is detected by
ANHYDROUS CUPRIC SULFATE
_____ reacts with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide / lime water) forming CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate) and H2O (water)
CO2
CO2 reacts with ______ forming CaCO3 and H2O
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
Lime water
CO2 (carbon dioxide) reacts with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) forming ____ and _____
CaCO3 - calcium carbonate
H2O - water
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
CLEAR SOLUTION BECOMES TURBID
CLEAR SOLN BECOMES TURBID
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
in the chemical reaction: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O, which FORMED PRECIPITATES
CaCO3
calcium carbonate
___ reacts with anhydrous CuSO4 forming CuSO4 * 5 H2O
H2O
H2O reacts with _________ forming CuSO4 * 5 H2O
ANHYDROUS CuSO4 (cupric sulfate)
H2O reacts with anhydrous CuSO4 forming ______ * _____
CuSO4 * 5 H2O
cupric sulfate pentahydrate
white powder turns to BLUE
5 H2O + CuSO4 → CuSO4 * 5 H2O
5 H2O + CuSO4 → CuSO4 * 5 H2O
WHITE POWEDER TURNS BLUE
DIFFICULT TO DETECT
nitrogen
halogens
sulfur
how to convert nitrogen, halogens, and sulfur into inorganic ions
fuse the organic compound with SODIUM METAL
the alkaline solution obtained by EXTRACTING THE FUSED MASS in water is called
SODIUM EXTRACT / LASSAIGNE’S EXTRACT
LASSAIGNE’S EXTRACT / sodium extract is used to detect
NITROGEN, HALOGENS, SULFUR
if the organic compound is in the form of AMINO NITROGEN (–NH2), heating it with ________ will liberate ammonia (NH3) gas
SODA LIME (NaOH & CaO)
if the organic compound is in the form of ________, heating it with SODA LIME (NaOH and CaO) will liberate ammonia (NH3) gas
AMINO NITROGEN (-NH2)
if the organic compound is in the form of AMINO NITROGEN (–NH2), heating it with SODA LIME (NaOH and CaO) will liberate ________
AMMONIA GAS (NH3)
characteristic pungent ammonia odor
SODA LIME TEST
to confirm the presence of the ammonia gas, a moist RED LITMUS PAPER must turn to ___
BLUE
LIMITED for organic compounds with AMINO (–NH2) group only
SODA LIME TEST
CANNOT BE DETECTED by this SODA LIME TEST
nitro (-NO2) and azo (-N=N-) compounds
usually found in URINE
UREA
SODA LIME TEST REACTION
urea + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + CaO (calcium oxide) → 2 NH3 (ammonia) + Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate)
urea + NaOH + CaO → 2 NH3 + Na2CO3
SODA LIME TEST
TEST FOR NITROGEN
SODA LIME TEST
TEST FOR HALOGENS
BEILSTEIN TEST
SILVER NITRATE TEST
an ORGANIC HALOGEN compound DIPPED IN A COPPER WIRE will yield a _________ burned
GREEN-COLORED FLAME
responsible the color of the flame in beilstein test
CUPRIC HALIDE
- the COPPER OXIDE from the copper wire formed upon heating, REACTS WITH THE HALOGEN from the organic compound to form
CUPRIC HALIDE
does not yield a positive result in beilstein test
FLUORINE
cupric fluoride is
NOT VOLATILE
the HALOGEN reacts with SILVER NITRATE in the presence of dilute nitric acid forming insoluble silver halide
SILVER NITRATE TEST
the halogen reacts with silver nitrate in the presence of dilute nitric acid forming _______
INSOLUBLE SILVER HALIDE
the silver halide yields a ________ precipitate, confirming the presence of a halogen
WHITE TO YELLOW
LUNAR CAUSTIC
AgNO3
silver nitrate
used for treatment ng GONORRHEA sa newborn
SILVER NITRATE
TEST FOR SULFUR
LEAD ACETATE TEST
- the presence of sulfur is identified by the production of ________ precipitate through lead acetate test
BROWNISH-BLACK
the organic compound containing sulfur will yield _________ upon reaction with lead acetate
LEAD SULFIDE
PbS
the organic compound containing sulfur will yield lead sulfide upon reaction with ________
LEAD ACETATE
protein found in the human body
ALBUMIN
an amino acid with SULFHYDRYL GROUP
CYSTEINE
albumin contains the amino acid
CYSTEINE
_____ is usually black
SULFUR
in ______, cysteine will react to lead ions (Pb2+) forming black precipitate, PbS
STRONGLY BASIC SOLN
_____ the solution causes the breaking of the polypeptide chain
HEATING
TEST FOR OXYGEN
FERROX TEST
oxygen can be detected using
FERROX PAPER / iron III hexathiocyanatoferrate
red to reddish-purple color
ferrox test
FERROX PAPER is prepared by soaking a filter paper in _____ with equal parts of ferric chloride and ammonium thiocyanate
METHANOL
the complex FeSCN2+ yields a __________ as it is distributed through the filter paper and the organic compound containing oxygen
DEEP RED COLORED SOLN
clear solution turns turbid
REACTION W/ LIME WATER
white powder turns blue
reaction w/ anhydrous cupric sulfate
characteristic pungent odor, red litmus turns blue
soda lime test
green-colored flame
beilstein test
formation of white precipitate
silver nitrate
formation of black precipitate
lead acetate test
turns to red to reddish-purple solution
ferrox test
