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EX 11 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

 organic compounds containing a carboxyl (R-COOH) functional group
 occur widely in nature, often combined with other functional groups, just like in fats, oils, and waxes
 important components of many, food, and medicines
 many of these substances are best known in their common names based on Latin and Greek words describing their sources

A

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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2
Q

many of the carboxylic acids are best known in their common names
based on ____ and _____ words describing their sources

A

LATIN & GREEK

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3
Q

 also contains and ACYL group (RCO–)
with a hydroxyl group attached to it

A

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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4
Q

ACYL GROUP

A

RC=O

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5
Q

other functional groups could be attached to the acyl group through ____________ reaction, that is, replacing the hydroxyl group with substituents such as halo, alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy

A

NUCLEOPLHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION

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6
Q

other functional groups could be attached to the acyl group through nucleophilic substitution reaction, that is, replacing the ___________ with substituents such as halo, alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy

A

HYDROXYL GROUP

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7
Q

acyl groups with functional groups

A

CARBOXYLIX ACID DERIVATIVES

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8
Q

ester + amine

A

AMIDE

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9
Q

the MOST COMMON REACTION to synthesize carboxylic acids is through the ___________________

A

OXIDATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS

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10
Q

the oxidation of primary alcohols uses ____________

A

POTASSIUM DICHROMATE or POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

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11
Q

the synthesis of carboxylic acids also occurs biologically in the ________

A

LIVER

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12
Q

the synthesis of carboxylic acids also occurs biologically in the liver on ________

A

ETHANOL METABOLISM

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13
Q

ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde through an ENZYME known as ____________

A

ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE

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14
Q

ethanol is metabolized into ____________ through an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase

A

ACETALDEHYDE / ethanal

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15
Q

the metabolism of ethanol can also occur through what enzyme

A

CYP450 – cytochrome 450

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16
Q

acetaldehyde is FURTHER metabolized into _________ through an enzyme known as aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

ACETIC ACID / ethanoic acid

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17
Q

acetaldehyde is further metabolized into acetic acid through an ENZYME known as __________

A

ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE

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18
Q

the toxic form of ethanol

A

ETHANAL – aldehyde

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19
Q

an enzyme that can also be seen in the spleen & liver. its function is to metabolize & inactivates drugs (ADME)

A

CYP450

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20
Q

this drug prevents aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

DISULFIRAM

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21
Q

a more EXCRETABLE form of ethanol

A

ACETATE METABOLITE

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22
Q

the metabolism of ethanol PREVENTS THE ACCUMULATION of the TOXIC _______

A

ACETALDEHYDE METABOLITE

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23
Q

carboxylic acids exhibit _______ property in AQUEOUS solution

A

ACIDIC

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24
Q

the reaction involves the RELEASE OF PROTONS from the carboxyl group and the STABILITY of the CONJUGATE BASE

A

REACTION W/ WATER & INDICATOR

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25
Q

litmus has what property that allows it to change color

A

FLAVIN

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26
Q

ACIDITY of carboxylic acids can be detected through pH measurement, the use of _________

A

pH paper or pH indicators

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27
Q

carboxylic acids react with STRONG BASES (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) forming WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS as products (neutralization)

A

RXN W/ SODIUM HYDROXIDE

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28
Q

carboxylic acids react with WEAK BASES (such as sodium bicarbonate), a water-soluble salt is still formed but together with a BY PRODUCT OF CARBON DIOXIDE liberated as gas

A

RXN W/ SODIUM CARBONATE

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29
Q

in the rxn with SODIUM CARBONATE, the carbon dioxide by product is liberated in the form of ____

A

GAS

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30
Q

this chemical reaction is used to
DIFFERENTIATE carboxylic acids from OTHER WEAK ACIDS such as phenols

A

RXN W/ WATER & INDICATOR

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31
Q

methyl salicylate is also known as

A

OIL OF WINTERGREEN

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32
Q

alcohols react with carboxylic acid in the presence of an ACID CATALYST

A

FISCHER ESTERIFICATION

33
Q

during the synthesis in the esterification rxn, the acid catalyst promotes the _________________ which makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic

A

PROTONATION OF THE CARBONYL OXYGEN

34
Q

during the synthesis in the esterification rxn, the acid catalyst promotes the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen which makes the carbonyl carbon __________

A

ELECTROPHILIC

35
Q

in esterification rxn, the alcohol acts as the _____________ that ATTACKS the electrophilic carbonyl carbon

A

NUCLEOPHILE

36
Q

in esterification rxn, the alcohol acts as the nucleophile that attacks the ______________________

A

ELECTROPHILIC CARBONYL CARBON

37
Q

production of an ester is indicated by the presence of characteristic ___________ because esters are known to exhibit such property

A

FRUITY-LIKE ODOR

38
Q

the attacking of alcohol as a nucleophile to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon produces a by product of ___________

A

WATER & PROTONATED ESTER

39
Q

when the chemical reaction is in equilibrium, the ester would be

A

DEPROTONATED

40
Q

can be used to detect presence of carboxylic acid

A

RXN W NEUTRAL FERRIC CHLORIDE

41
Q

neutral ferric chloride reagent

A

FERRIC CHLORIDE IN SODIUM CARBONATE

42
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in rxn w/ neutral ferric chloride

A

REDDISH BROWN / BRICK RED PPT

43
Q

the carboxylic acid is NEUTRALIZED using ______________ to produce ammonium carboxylate while excess ammonia gas is released through heating; ammonium carboxylate is then reacted with ferric chloride producing ferric carboxylate

A

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

44
Q

the carboxylic acid is neutralized using ammonium hydroxide to produce _________________ while excess ammonia gas is released through heating; ammonium carboxylate is then reacted with ferric chloride producing ferric carboxylate

A

AMMONIUM CARBOXYLATE

45
Q

the carboxylic acid is neutralized using ammonium hydroxide to produce ammonium carboxylate while excess ammonia gas is released through heating; ammonium carboxylate is then reacted with ferric chloride producing ______________

A

FERRIC CARBOXYLATE

46
Q

this gives off the reddish compound

A

FERRIC ACETATE

47
Q

a TRIcarboxylic acid and has NO ENANTIOMER FORM

A

CITRIC ACID

48
Q

a DIcarboxylic acid that has TWO enantiomer forms

A

TARTARIC ACID

49
Q

two enantiomer forms of tartaric acid

A

D-TARTARC ACID
L-TARTARIC ACID

50
Q

special test for identification CITRIC acid and TARTARIC acid was established by

A

CHAPMAN & SMITH

51
Q

when CITRIC ACID is boiled with a very alkaline solution of _____________, it will yield a green solution of alkaline manganate

A

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

52
Q

when CITRIC ACID is boiled with a very alkaline solution of potassium permanganate, it will yield a __________ of alkaline manganate

A

GREEN SOLUTION

53
Q

when TARTARIC ACID is treated with a very alkaline solution potassium permanganate, ___________ of manganese dioxide will be produced

54
Q

when TARTARIC ACID is treated with a very alkaline solution potassium permanganate, brown ppt of ___________ will be produced

A

MANGANESE DIOXIDE

55
Q

are organic compounds with the general formula of RC=OOR

56
Q

in esters, R1 may be hydrogen, alkyl or aryl groups and R2 may be an alkyl or aryl group but MUST NOT BE a ______

57
Q
  • are very common in nature and are known to have characteristic PLEASANT ODORS unlike carboxylic acids
  • this property enables them to be utilized as PERFUMING or FLAVORING AGENTS, aside from them being used as organic solvents
58
Q

an important test to identify ESTERS is known as

A

FERRIC HYDROXAMATE TEST

59
Q

GERD (acidic) is neutralized by

60
Q

crosses BBB, more toxic

A

Lipotilic
Unionized
Nonpolar
Asorb

61
Q
  • desensitized taste buds
  • increases palatability
62
Q

those with “-ate” are known as

63
Q

added to NaHCO3 to make effervescent tablets

A

TARTARIC & CITRIC ACID

64
Q

Ratio of tartaric & citric acid

65
Q

TRIcarboxylic acid is also known as

A

GLYCOLYSIS

66
Q

ESTERS when heated with ___________ produce hydroxamic acids that reacts with ferric ion to form intensely colored complexes, commonly dark maroon in color

A

HYDROXYLAMINE

67
Q

ESTERS when heated with hydroxylamine produce ____________ that reacts with ferric ion to form intensely colored complexes, commonly dark maroon in color

A

HYDROXAMIC ACIDS

68
Q

ESTERS when heated with hydroxylamine produce hydroxamic acids that reacts with _______ to form intensely colored complexes, commonly dark maroon in color

A

FERRIC ION

69
Q

ESTERS when heated with hydroxylamine produce hydroxamic acids that reacts with ferric ion to form INTENSELY COLORD COMPLEXES, commonly _________ in color

A

DARK MAROON

70
Q

this test is related to the PHENOL TEST wherein compounds with HIGH ENOLIC CHARACTER gives COLORED COMPLEXES with ferric ion

A

FERRIC HYDROXAMATE TEST

71
Q

compounds with high ______ character gives colored complexes with ferric ion

72
Q

__________ must be performed to check if the carbonyl compound being tested PRODUCES ENOUGH ENOL to form colored complexes with ferric ion, which could lead to a false positive result

A

PRELIMINARY TEST

73
Q

__________ are organic compounds with TWO ACYL GROUPS (RC=O) joined together by an oxygen atom

A

ACID ANHYDRIDES

74
Q

acid anhydrides are joined together by what atom

75
Q

how many ACYL groups are there in ACID ANHYDRIDES

76
Q

are organic compounds with general structure of a NITROGEN atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom (RC=ONH2)

77
Q

acetic anhydride can be hydrolyzed into ___________

A

TWO MOLECULES ACETIC ACID

78
Q

acetamide produces ____________

A

CARBOXYLATE SALT & FREE AMMONIA

79
Q

in HYDROLYSIS rxn, the ___ of the products formed can be tested to confirm their presence after the hydrolysis reaction

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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