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ORG CHEM LAB > EX 11 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS > Flashcards

EX 11 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

 organic compounds containing a carboxyl (R-COOH) functional group
 occur widely in nature, often combined with other functional groups, just like in fats, oils, and waxes
 important components of many, food, and medicines
 many of these substances are best known in their common names based on Latin and Greek words describing their sources

A

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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2
Q

many of the carboxylic acids are best known in their common names
based on ____ and _____ words describing their sources

A

LATIN & GREEK

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3
Q

 also contains and ACYL group (RCO–)
with a hydroxyl group attached to it

A

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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4
Q

ACYL GROUP

A

RC=O

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5
Q

other functional groups could be attached to the acyl group through ____________ reaction, that is, replacing the hydroxyl group with substituents such as halo, alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy

A

NUCLEOPLHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION

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6
Q

other functional groups could be attached to the acyl group through nucleophilic substitution reaction, that is, replacing the ___________ with substituents such as halo, alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy

A

HYDROXYL GROUP

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7
Q

acyl groups with functional groups

A

CARBOXYLIX ACID DERIVATIVES

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8
Q

ester + amine

A

AMIDE

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9
Q

the MOST COMMON REACTION to synthesize carboxylic acids is through the ___________________

A

OXIDATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS

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10
Q

the oxidation of primary alcohols uses ____________

A

POTASSIUM DICHROMATE or POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

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11
Q

the synthesis of carboxylic acids also occurs biologically in the ________

A

LIVER

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12
Q

the synthesis of carboxylic acids also occurs biologically in the liver on ________

A

ETHANOL METABOLISM

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13
Q

ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde through an ENZYME known as ____________

A

ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE

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14
Q

ethanol is metabolized into ____________ through an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase

A

ACETALDEHYDE / ethanal

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15
Q

the metabolism of ethanol can also occur through what enzyme

A

CYP450 – cytochrome 450

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16
Q

acetaldehyde is FURTHER metabolized into _________ through an enzyme known as aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

ACETIC ACID / ethanoic acid

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17
Q

acetaldehyde is further metabolized into acetic acid through an ENZYME known as __________

A

ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE

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18
Q

the toxic form of ethanol

A

ETHANAL – aldehyde

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19
Q

an enzyme that can also be seen in the spleen & liver. its function is to metabolize & inactivates drugs (ADME)

A

CYP450

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20
Q

this drug prevents aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

DISULFIRAM

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21
Q

a more EXCRETABLE form of ethanol

A

ACETATE METABOLITE

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22
Q

the metabolism of ethanol PREVENTS THE ACCUMULATION of the TOXIC _______

A

ACETALDEHYDE METABOLITE

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23
Q

carboxylic acids exhibit _______ property in AQUEOUS solution

A

ACIDIC

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24
Q

the reaction involves the RELEASE OF PROTONS from the carboxyl group and the STABILITY of the CONJUGATE BASE

A

REACTION W/ WATER & INDICATOR

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25
litmus has what property that allows it to change color
FLAVIN
26
ACIDITY of carboxylic acids can be detected through pH measurement, the use of _________
pH paper or pH indicators
27
carboxylic acids react with STRONG BASES (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) forming WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS as products (neutralization)
RXN W/ SODIUM HYDROXIDE
28
carboxylic acids react with WEAK BASES (such as sodium bicarbonate), a water-soluble salt is still formed but together with a BY PRODUCT OF CARBON DIOXIDE liberated as gas
RXN W/ SODIUM CARBONATE
29
in the rxn with SODIUM CARBONATE, the carbon dioxide by product is liberated in the form of ____
GAS
30
this chemical reaction is used to DIFFERENTIATE carboxylic acids from OTHER WEAK ACIDS such as phenols
RXN W/ WATER & INDICATOR
31
methyl salicylate is also known as
OIL OF WINTERGREEN
32
alcohols react with carboxylic acid in the presence of an ACID CATALYST
FISCHER ESTERIFICATION
33
during the synthesis in the esterification rxn, the acid catalyst promotes the _________________ which makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic
PROTONATION OF THE CARBONYL OXYGEN
34
during the synthesis in the esterification rxn, the acid catalyst promotes the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen which makes the carbonyl carbon __________
ELECTROPHILIC
35
in esterification rxn, the alcohol acts as the _____________ that ATTACKS the electrophilic carbonyl carbon
NUCLEOPHILE
36
in esterification rxn, the alcohol acts as the nucleophile that attacks the ______________________
ELECTROPHILIC CARBONYL CARBON
37
production of an ester is indicated by the presence of characteristic ___________ because esters are known to exhibit such property
FRUITY-LIKE ODOR
38
the attacking of alcohol as a nucleophile to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon produces a by product of ___________
WATER & PROTONATED ESTER
39
when the chemical reaction is in equilibrium, the ester would be
DEPROTONATED
40
can be used to detect presence of carboxylic acid
RXN W NEUTRAL FERRIC CHLORIDE
41
neutral ferric chloride reagent
FERRIC CHLORIDE IN SODIUM CARBONATE
42
POSITIVE RESULT in rxn w/ neutral ferric chloride
REDDISH BROWN / BRICK RED PPT
43
the carboxylic acid is NEUTRALIZED using ______________ to produce ammonium carboxylate while excess ammonia gas is released through heating; ammonium carboxylate is then reacted with ferric chloride producing ferric carboxylate
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
44
the carboxylic acid is neutralized using ammonium hydroxide to produce _________________ while excess ammonia gas is released through heating; ammonium carboxylate is then reacted with ferric chloride producing ferric carboxylate
AMMONIUM CARBOXYLATE
45
the carboxylic acid is neutralized using ammonium hydroxide to produce ammonium carboxylate while excess ammonia gas is released through heating; ammonium carboxylate is then reacted with ferric chloride producing ______________
FERRIC CARBOXYLATE
46
this gives off the reddish compound
FERRIC ACETATE
47
a TRIcarboxylic acid and has NO ENANTIOMER FORM
CITRIC ACID
48
a DIcarboxylic acid that has TWO enantiomer forms
TARTARIC ACID
49
two enantiomer forms of tartaric acid
D-TARTARC ACID L-TARTARIC ACID
50
special test for identification CITRIC acid and TARTARIC acid was established by
CHAPMAN & SMITH
51
when CITRIC ACID is boiled with a very alkaline solution of _____________, it will yield a green solution of alkaline manganate
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
52
when CITRIC ACID is boiled with a very alkaline solution of potassium permanganate, it will yield a __________ of alkaline manganate
GREEN SOLUTION
53
when TARTARIC ACID is treated with a very alkaline solution potassium permanganate, ___________ of manganese dioxide will be produced
BROWN PPT
54
when TARTARIC ACID is treated with a very alkaline solution potassium permanganate, brown ppt of ___________ will be produced
MANGANESE DIOXIDE
55
are organic compounds with the general formula of RC=OOR
ESTERS
56
in esters, R1 may be hydrogen, alkyl or aryl groups and R2 may be an alkyl or aryl group but MUST NOT BE a ______
HYDROGEN
57
- are very common in nature and are known to have characteristic PLEASANT ODORS unlike carboxylic acids - this property enables them to be utilized as PERFUMING or FLAVORING AGENTS, aside from them being used as organic solvents
ESTERS
58
an important test to identify ESTERS is known as
FERRIC HYDROXAMATE TEST
59
GERD (acidic) is neutralized by
ANTACIDS
60
crosses BBB, more toxic
Lipotilic Unionized Nonpolar Asorb
61
- desensitized taste buds - increases palatability
CO2
62
those with "-ate" are known as
SALTS
63
added to NaHCO3 to make effervescent tablets
TARTARIC & CITRIC ACID
64
Ratio of tartaric & citric acid
1:2
65
TRIcarboxylic acid is also known as
GLYCOLYSIS
66
ESTERS when heated with ___________ produce hydroxamic acids that reacts with ferric ion to form intensely colored complexes, commonly dark maroon in color
HYDROXYLAMINE
67
ESTERS when heated with hydroxylamine produce ____________ that reacts with ferric ion to form intensely colored complexes, commonly dark maroon in color
HYDROXAMIC ACIDS
68
ESTERS when heated with hydroxylamine produce hydroxamic acids that reacts with _______ to form intensely colored complexes, commonly dark maroon in color
FERRIC ION
69
ESTERS when heated with hydroxylamine produce hydroxamic acids that reacts with ferric ion to form INTENSELY COLORD COMPLEXES, commonly _________ in color
DARK MAROON
70
this test is related to the PHENOL TEST wherein compounds with HIGH ENOLIC CHARACTER gives COLORED COMPLEXES with ferric ion
FERRIC HYDROXAMATE TEST
71
compounds with high ______ character gives colored complexes with ferric ion
ENOLIC
72
__________ must be performed to check if the carbonyl compound being tested PRODUCES ENOUGH ENOL to form colored complexes with ferric ion, which could lead to a false positive result
PRELIMINARY TEST
73
__________ are organic compounds with TWO ACYL GROUPS (RC=O) joined together by an oxygen atom
ACID ANHYDRIDES
74
acid anhydrides are joined together by what atom
OXYGEN
75
how many ACYL groups are there in ACID ANHYDRIDES
TWO
76
are organic compounds with general structure of a NITROGEN atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom (RC=ONH2)
AMIDES
77
acetic anhydride can be hydrolyzed into ___________
TWO MOLECULES ACETIC ACID
78
acetamide produces ____________
CARBOXYLATE SALT & FREE AMMONIA
79
in HYDROLYSIS rxn, the ___ of the products formed can be tested to confirm their presence after the hydrolysis reaction
pH

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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