EX 11 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Flashcards
organic compounds containing a carboxyl (R-COOH) functional group
occur widely in nature, often combined with other functional groups, just like in fats, oils, and waxes
important components of many, food, and medicines
many of these substances are best known in their common names based on Latin and Greek words describing their sources
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
many of the carboxylic acids are best known in their common names
based on ____ and _____ words describing their sources
LATIN & GREEK
also contains and ACYL group (RCO–)
with a hydroxyl group attached to it
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
ACYL GROUP
RC=O
other functional groups could be attached to the acyl group through ____________ reaction, that is, replacing the hydroxyl group with substituents such as halo, alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy
NUCLEOPLHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION
other functional groups could be attached to the acyl group through nucleophilic substitution reaction, that is, replacing the ___________ with substituents such as halo, alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy
HYDROXYL GROUP
acyl groups with functional groups
CARBOXYLIX ACID DERIVATIVES
ester + amine
AMIDE
the MOST COMMON REACTION to synthesize carboxylic acids is through the ___________________
OXIDATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS
the oxidation of primary alcohols uses ____________
POTASSIUM DICHROMATE or POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
the synthesis of carboxylic acids also occurs biologically in the ________
LIVER
the synthesis of carboxylic acids also occurs biologically in the liver on ________
ETHANOL METABOLISM
ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde through an ENZYME known as ____________
ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE
ethanol is metabolized into ____________ through an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase
ACETALDEHYDE / ethanal
the metabolism of ethanol can also occur through what enzyme
CYP450 – cytochrome 450
acetaldehyde is FURTHER metabolized into _________ through an enzyme known as aldehyde dehydrogenase
ACETIC ACID / ethanoic acid
acetaldehyde is further metabolized into acetic acid through an ENZYME known as __________
ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE
the toxic form of ethanol
ETHANAL – aldehyde
an enzyme that can also be seen in the spleen & liver. its function is to metabolize & inactivates drugs (ADME)
CYP450
this drug prevents aldehyde dehydrogenase
DISULFIRAM
a more EXCRETABLE form of ethanol
ACETATE METABOLITE
the metabolism of ethanol PREVENTS THE ACCUMULATION of the TOXIC _______
ACETALDEHYDE METABOLITE
carboxylic acids exhibit _______ property in AQUEOUS solution
ACIDIC
the reaction involves the RELEASE OF PROTONS from the carboxyl group and the STABILITY of the CONJUGATE BASE
REACTION W/ WATER & INDICATOR
litmus has what property that allows it to change color
FLAVIN
ACIDITY of carboxylic acids can be detected through pH measurement, the use of _________
pH paper or pH indicators
carboxylic acids react with STRONG BASES (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) forming WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS as products (neutralization)
RXN W/ SODIUM HYDROXIDE
carboxylic acids react with WEAK BASES (such as sodium bicarbonate), a water-soluble salt is still formed but together with a BY PRODUCT OF CARBON DIOXIDE liberated as gas
RXN W/ SODIUM CARBONATE
in the rxn with SODIUM CARBONATE, the carbon dioxide by product is liberated in the form of ____
GAS
this chemical reaction is used to
DIFFERENTIATE carboxylic acids from OTHER WEAK ACIDS such as phenols
RXN W/ WATER & INDICATOR
methyl salicylate is also known as
OIL OF WINTERGREEN