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ORG CHEM LAB > EX 10 ALDEHYDES & KETONES > Flashcards

EX 10 ALDEHYDES & KETONES Flashcards

1
Q

 organic compounds both containing a CARBONYL functional group (C=O)
 has two more bonds that may be occupied by HYDROGEN or ALKYL or ARYL substituents

A

ALDEHYDES & KETONES

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2
Q

if ONE R is HYDROGEN

A

ALDEHYDE

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3
Q

if BOTH R are NEITHER H

A

KETONE

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4
Q

RCHO

A

ALDEHYDE

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5
Q

RCOOR

A

KETONE

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6
Q

a FUNGAL TOXIN

A

HELMINTHOSPORAL

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7
Q

cinnamon bark

A

CINNAMALDEHYDE

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8
Q

vanilla bean

A

VANILLIN

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9
Q

lemongrass

A

CITRAL

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10
Q

spearmint & caraway

A

CARVONE

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11
Q

adrenal hormone

A

CORTISONE

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12
Q

female sex hormone

A

PROGESTERONE

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13
Q

male sex hormone

A

TESTOSTERONE

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14
Q

musk deer

A

MUSCONE

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15
Q
  • for inflammations
  • meter-dose inhalers
A

CORTICOSTEROIDS

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16
Q
  • for inflammation of airways
  • B2 antagonist: DILATES (salbutamol)
  • Side effects:
  • weakens immune system
  • requires GARGLING w/ water after use
A

INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS

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17
Q

if hindi mag gargle after using ICS, what will happen (oral white spots, opportunistic pathogen)

A

ORAL CANDIDIASIS / THRUSH

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18
Q

 naturally occurring organic compounds, often combined with other functional groups
 can be found in plants, animals, and even microorganisms

A

ALDEHYDES & KETONES

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19
Q

LARGELY RESPONSIBLE some of the shared physicochemical properties of aldehydes and ketones
a HIGHLY POLARIZED GROUP because of the GREATER ELECTRONEGATIVITY of the OXYGEN
as a result of this polarization, the carbonyl group is susceptible to nucleophilic attack

A

CARBONYL GROUP

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20
Q

as a result of this polarization, the CARBONYL GROUP is susceptible to __________

A

NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK

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21
Q

the synthesis of aldehydes & ketones are through the ______ reaction of alcohols

A

OXIDATION

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22
Q

_________ are oxidized to ALDEHYDES

A

PRIMARY ALCOHOLS

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23
Q

____________ are oxidized to KETONES

A

SECONDARY ALCOHOLS

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24
Q

acetone is also known as

A

PROPANONE

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25
Q

detect the presence of carbonyl group

A

2,4-DNPH (BRADY’S) TEST

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26
Q

Brady’s reagent

A

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in methanol

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27
Q

2,4-DNPH (BRADY’S) TEST is named after

A

OSCAR BRADY

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28
Q

________ reaction; aldehyde reacts with 2,4-DNPH to form an aldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone while ketone reacts with to form a ketone 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone

A

CONDENSATION RXN

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29
Q

POSITIVE RESULT of 2,4-DNPH (BRADY’S) TEST

A

aldehydes: YELLOW - ORANGE PPT
ketones: RED - ORANGE PPT

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30
Q

used to determine if a compound is an ALDEHYDE or an ALIPHATIC METHYL KETONE

A

SODIUM BISULFITE TEST

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31
Q

POSITIVE RESULT of sodium bisulfite test

A

WHITE PPT

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32
Q

the ALDEHYDE or the METHYL KETONE reacts with sodium bisulfite by ___________ of the carbonyl group through nucleophilic attack; the bisulfite ion then attaches to the original carbonyl group to form the bisulfite addition compound

A

BREAKING THE PI BOND

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33
Q

the ALDEHYDE or the METHYL KETONE reacts with sodium bisulfite by breaking the pi bond of the carbonyl group through __________; the bisulfite ion then attaches to the original carbonyl group to form the bisulfite addition compound

A

NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK

34
Q

in SODIUM BISULFITE TEST, only _________ will yield POSITIVE RESULT

A

METHYL KETONES

35
Q

used to DIFFERENTIATE aldehydes from ketones

A

SCHIFF’S TEST

36
Q

Schiff’s reagent

A

sodium bisulfite with the organic dye pararosaniline hydrochloride

37
Q

SCHIFF’S TEST is named after

A

HUGO SCHIFF

38
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in SCHIFF’S TEST

A

MAGENTA RED SOLN

39
Q

SCHIFF’S TEST:
________ of aldehyde to carboxylic acid; reaction involved is the same as explained in the
sodium bisulfite test

40
Q

an oxidizing agent

A

SODIUM BISULFITE

41
Q

in SCHIFF’S TEST, some ________ may also produce a color change but NOT A MAGENTA RED COLOR

42
Q

TOLLEN’S TEST is also known as

A

TOLLEN’S SILVER NITRATE TEST

43
Q

fructose is also known as _____, making it an ALDEHYDE

44
Q

used to DIFFERENTIATE ALDEHYDES from ketones

A

TOLLEN’S TEST

45
Q

TOLLEN’S TEST is named after

A

BERNHARD TOLLENS

46
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in TOLLEN’S TEST

A

SILVER MIRROR PPT

47
Q

TOLLEN’S TEST:
oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid; the _____________ is reduced to silver while producing the carboxylic acid-ammonium salt product

A

AMMONIACAL SILVER NITRATE

48
Q

TOLLEN’S TEST:
oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid; the ammoniacal silver nitrate is reduced to silver while producing the __________________ product

A

CARBOXYLIC ACID-AMMONIUM SALT

49
Q

Tollens’ test can detect both ________ & ________

A

ALIPHATIC & AROMATIC ALDEHYDES

50
Q

its AROMATIC NATURE makes it hard to be oxidized due to stability

A

benzaldehyde

51
Q

Fehling’s A prepared by

A

conc. H2SO4 w/ aqueous solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate

52
Q

Fehling’s B prepared by

A

NaOH w/ potassium tartrate

53
Q

FEHLING’S TEST is named after

A

HERMANN VON FEHLING

54
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in FEHLING’S TEST

A

BRICK RED PPT

55
Q

FEHLING’S TEST:
oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid; aldehyde reduces the cupric ions in complex with tartrate ions to cuprous ions; forming _________

A

CUPROUS OXIDE

56
Q

FEHLING’S TEST:
oxidation of aldehyde to _________; aldehyde reduces the cupric ions in complex with tartrate ions to cuprous ions; forming cuprous oxide

A

CARBOXYLIC ACID

57
Q
  • causes VASODILATION
  • decrease BP
  • used for hypertensive crisis
A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

58
Q

nitrates ae contraindicated with

A

sildenafil (viagra)

59
Q

identify the presence of an ACETYL GROUP (CH3C=O)

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE TEST

60
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE TEST

A

WINE RED SOLN

61
Q

sodium nitroprusside test is also used in clinical tests to detect the presence of __________ in urine

62
Q

sodium nitroprusside test is also used in clinical tests to detect the presence of acetone in _____

63
Q

used to identify METHYL KETONES or SECONDARY ALCOHOLS adjacent to a methyl group

A

IODOFORM TEST

64
Q

reagent in IODOFORM TEST

A

WAGNER’S REAGENT (iodine in potassium iodide WIKI)

65
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in IODOFORM TEST

A

CANARY YELLOW PPT

66
Q

this test is very specific test and it DOES NOT WORK FOR ALL KETONES and does not work also for WATER-INSOLUBLE COMPOUNDS

A

IODOFORM TEST

67
Q

SACCHARIDES ARE

68
Q

general test for saccharides

A

MOLISCH’S TEST

69
Q

MOLISCH’S TEST is named after

A

HANS MOLISCH

70
Q

Molisch’s reagent

A

10% α-naphthol in 95% ethanol

71
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in MOLISCH’S TEST

A

PURPLE RING AT THE JUNCTION OF 2 LAYERS

72
Q

________ yield RAPID results while
disaccharides react slower

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

73
Q

monosaccharides yield rapid results while ___________ react SLOWER

A

DISACCHARIDES

74
Q

sucrose + fructose + glucose

A

DISACCHARIDES

75
Q

glucose only

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

76
Q

specific test for PENTOSES (or carbohydrates with five carbon chain)

A

BIAL’S TEST

77
Q

BIAL’S TETS is named after

A

MANFRED BIAL

78
Q

in BIAL’S TEST, sugars are identified according to the _____________

A

of C atoms

79
Q

POSITIVE RESULT IN BIAL’S TEST

80
Q

C2 attached w/ H

81
Q

C2 attached w/ OH

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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