EX 10 ALDEHYDES & KETONES Flashcards
organic compounds both containing a CARBONYL functional group (C=O)
has two more bonds that may be occupied by HYDROGEN or ALKYL or ARYL substituents
ALDEHYDES & KETONES
if ONE R is HYDROGEN
ALDEHYDE
if BOTH R are NEITHER H
KETONE
RCHO
ALDEHYDE
RCOOR
KETONE
a FUNGAL TOXIN
HELMINTHOSPORAL
cinnamon bark
CINNAMALDEHYDE
vanilla bean
VANILLIN
lemongrass
CITRAL
spearmint & caraway
CARVONE
adrenal hormone
CORTISONE
female sex hormone
PROGESTERONE
male sex hormone
TESTOSTERONE
musk deer
MUSCONE
- for inflammations
- meter-dose inhalers
CORTICOSTEROIDS
- for inflammation of airways
- B2 antagonist: DILATES (salbutamol)
- Side effects:
- weakens immune system
- requires GARGLING w/ water after use
INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS
if hindi mag gargle after using ICS, what will happen (oral white spots, opportunistic pathogen)
ORAL CANDIDIASIS / THRUSH
naturally occurring organic compounds, often combined with other functional groups
can be found in plants, animals, and even microorganisms
ALDEHYDES & KETONES
LARGELY RESPONSIBLE some of the shared physicochemical properties of aldehydes and ketones
a HIGHLY POLARIZED GROUP because of the GREATER ELECTRONEGATIVITY of the OXYGEN
as a result of this polarization, the carbonyl group is susceptible to nucleophilic attack
CARBONYL GROUP
as a result of this polarization, the CARBONYL GROUP is susceptible to __________
NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK
the synthesis of aldehydes & ketones are through the ______ reaction of alcohols
OXIDATION
_________ are oxidized to ALDEHYDES
PRIMARY ALCOHOLS
____________ are oxidized to KETONES
SECONDARY ALCOHOLS
acetone is also known as
PROPANONE
detect the presence of carbonyl group
2,4-DNPH (BRADY’S) TEST
Brady’s reagent
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in methanol
2,4-DNPH (BRADY’S) TEST is named after
OSCAR BRADY
________ reaction; aldehyde reacts with 2,4-DNPH to form an aldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone while ketone reacts with to form a ketone 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
CONDENSATION RXN
POSITIVE RESULT of 2,4-DNPH (BRADY’S) TEST
aldehydes: YELLOW - ORANGE PPT
ketones: RED - ORANGE PPT
used to determine if a compound is an ALDEHYDE or an ALIPHATIC METHYL KETONE
SODIUM BISULFITE TEST
POSITIVE RESULT of sodium bisulfite test
WHITE PPT
the ALDEHYDE or the METHYL KETONE reacts with sodium bisulfite by ___________ of the carbonyl group through nucleophilic attack; the bisulfite ion then attaches to the original carbonyl group to form the bisulfite addition compound
BREAKING THE PI BOND