EX 8: ALCOHOLS Flashcards
organic compounds composed of an aliphatic carbon atom with a HYDROXYL (-OH) functional group
ALCOHOL
functional group of all alcohols
HYDROXYL GROUP
general formula for alcohols
ROH
- very COMMON and may exist FREELY in nature
- exhibit some unique set of physicochemical properties mainly due to the presence of the hydroxyl functional group
- some of the properties of alcohols depend on the LENGTH of the alkyl chain attached to the hydroxyl group
ALCOHOLS
active component of alcoholic beverages
ETHANOL (ethyl alcohol)
general formula for primary (1°) alcohol
RCH2OH
general formula for secondary (2°) alcohol
R2CHOH
general formula for tertiary (3°) alcohol
R3COH
C with the –OH group attached to ONE other carbon atom
primary (1°) alcohol
C with the –OH group attached to TWO other carbon atoms
secondary (2°) alcohol
C with the –OH group attached to THREE other carbon atoms
tertiary (3°) alcohol
PRIMARY ALCOHOL oxidation process
alcohol —> aldehyde —> carboxylic acid
SECONDARY ALCOHOL oxidation process
alcohol —> ketone
enzyme that inactivate the substance
ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE
- antabuse
- used by people with chronic alchoholism
DISULFIRAM
Boiling point of ALCOHOL
HIGHER than hcs
the solubility of alcohols is governed by its ability to perform ___________ with polar solvents
INTERMOLECULAR H-BONDING
usually formed in between the OH group of alcohol and water
H-BONDS
the LONGER the alkyl chain is, the _____ the alcohol becomes soluble with water
LESSER
the ______ the alkyl chain is, the LESSER the alcohol
becomes soluble with water
LONGER
the longer the alkyl chain is, the lesser the alcohol becomes _________ with water
SOLUBLE
alcohols are acidic in nature e because of their ability to react with _____
ACTIVE METALS
what forms when alcohols react with active metals
ALKOXIDE
alcohol acidity is due to the ______
POLARITY OF THE HYDROXYL BOND
what happens to the acidity of alcohol when an ELECTRON DONATING group is attached to the hydroxyl group as the electron density increases on the oxygen atom
ACIDITY DECREASES
primary alcohols are ______ acidic than secondary and tertiary alcohols
MORE ACIDIC
alcohols exhibit a range of spontaneous chemical reactions due to the _____ of C-O and O-H bonds
CLEAVAGE