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ORG CHEM LAB > EX 7: HYDROCARBONS > Flashcards

EX 7: HYDROCARBONS Flashcards

1
Q

organic compounds composed of CARBON and HYDROGEN atoms only

A

HYDROCARBONS

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2
Q

most hydrocarbons are used as ____ because of its flammable property

A

FUEL

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3
Q

most hydrocarbons are used as fuel because of its ______ property

A

FLAMMABLE

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4
Q

have a special property to catenate forming seemingly ENDLESS CHAIN OF CARBONS (potential combinations estimated up to 10^6)

A

HYDROCARBONS

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5
Q

Hydrocarbons have a special property to ________ forming seemingly ENDLESS CHAIN OF CARBONS (potential combinations estimated up to 10^6)

A

CATENATE

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6
Q

the ability to attach sa kapareho niya

A

CATENATE

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7
Q

these can catenate

A

CARBON & SILICONE

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8
Q

Hydrocarbons are _____ in nature, thereby most of them are insoluble in water

A

non-polar

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9
Q

hydrocarbons are non-polar in nature, thereby most of them are _______ in water

A

INSOLUBLE

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10
Q

tension between oil & water

A

INTERFACIAL TENSION

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11
Q

classification of hydrocarbons based on the presence of bonds

A

SATURATED
UNSATURATED

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12
Q

carbon atoms are bonded with SINGLE BOND

A

SATURATED

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13
Q

carbon atoms are bonded with DOUBLE OR TRIPLE BONDS

A

UNSATURATED

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14
Q

MORE stable & LESS reactive type of hydrocarbon

A

SATURATED

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15
Q

LESS stable & MORE reactive type of hydrocarbon

A

UNSATURATED

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16
Q

a disease where there are tumigas na fatty acids

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

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17
Q

SATURATED fats are most commonly found in

A

animal fats

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18
Q

UNSATURATED fats are most commonly found in

A

PLANT BASED OILS

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19
Q

these are LIQUID at room temperature

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
plant based oils

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20
Q

these are SOLID at room temperature

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
animal fats

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21
Q

MUFA

A

monounsaturated fatty acids

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22
Q

PUFA

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

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23
Q

single bond possesses one _____ bond which is relatively a STRONG type of bond

A

SIGMA

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24
Q

WEAK type of bond

A

pi bonds

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25
Q

acyclic; linear structure; could be straight or branched chains

A

OPEN-CHAIN

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26
Q

cyclic; ring structure; could aliphatic or aromatic

A

CLOSED-CHAIN

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27
Q

TYPE OF HYDROCARBONS:
saturated, unsaturated, cyclic

A

ALIPHATIC

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28
Q

TYPE OF HYDROCARBONS:
Benzene and its Derivatives, polycyclic benzenoids

A

AROMATIC

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29
Q

alkanes synonym

A

PARAFFINS

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30
Q

alkenes synonym

A

OLEFINS

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31
Q

paraffins are also known as

A

PETROLATUM

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32
Q

hybridization: alkanes

A

sp3

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33
Q

hybridization: alkenes

A

sp2

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34
Q

presence of single or multiple bonds: alkanes

A

saturated

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35
Q

presence of single or multiple bonds: alkenes

A

unsaturated

36
Q

presence of single or multiple bonds: alkynes

A

unsaturated

37
Q

hybridization: alkynes

38
Q

general formula: alkanes

39
Q

general formula: alkenes

40
Q

general formula: alkynes

41
Q

carbon-carbon bonding: alkanes

A

1 sigma bond

42
Q

carbon-carbon bonding: alkenes

A

1 sigma, 1 pi

43
Q

carbon-carbon bonding: alkynes

A

1 sigma, 2 pi

44
Q

are CYCLIC hydrocarbons with DELOCALIZED PI ELECTRONS between carbon atoms of ring

A

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

45
Q

aromatic hcs natural characteristics are described as

A

AROMATICITY

46
Q

criteria for aromaticity

A

CYCLIC
FLAT OR PLANAR
CONJUGATED DOUBLE BONDS
HUCKEL’S RULE

47
Q

alternating double bonds

A

CONJUGATED

48
Q

according to _______________, a compound is particularly stable if all of its bonding molecular orbitals are filled with paired electrons

A

HUCKEL’S MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY

49
Q

the most common example of an aromatic compound

50
Q

benzene undergoes ________ reaction wherein the ring system is not destroyed and therefore resist addition of substituent groups within the pi bonds

A

SUBSTITUTION

51
Q

benzene undergoes substitution reaction wherein the ring system is not destroyed and therefore ________ of substituent groups within the pi bonds

A

RESIST ADDITION

52
Q

________ resembles reactions of saturated rather than unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

53
Q

IGNITION TEST:
Luminous flame burns _______ flame

A

BRIGHTLY YELLOW

54
Q

IGNITION TEST:
Non-luminous flame burns almost ___________ flame

A

INVISIBLE BLUE

55
Q

hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat

A

COMBUSTION REACTION

56
Q

hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce _______, _______, ______

A

CO2, H2O, HEAT

57
Q

COMPLETE combustion releases ___

58
Q

INCOMPLETE combustion releases ______ (toxic)

A

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

59
Q

1 rbc can accommodate how many oxygen

60
Q

hydrocarbons react with INSUFFICIENT amount of oxygen, instead of producing CO2, produces CO, H2O and C as products

A

INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION

61
Q

when a fuel (e.g. gasoline, kerosene) burns in PLENTY OF AIR, it receives enough oxygen for complete combustion, thereby producing ________

A

NON-LUMINOUS FLAME

62
Q

when a fuel burns in a LIMITED SPACE (e.g. car engine), there is no enough oxygen to completely oxidize the fuel, thereby producing __________

A

BLACK SMOKE/SOOT

63
Q

BAEYER’S TEST:
indicates a positive result

A

BROWN / REDDISH BROWN PPT

64
Q

BAEYER’S TEST is named after

A

Adolf von Baeyer

65
Q

used as a QUALITATIVE TEST FOR UNSATURATION (presence of double or triple bonds)

A

BAEYER’S TEST

66
Q

Baeyer’s reagent is an alkaline solution of

A

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (KMnO4)

67
Q

a STRONG OXIDIZER

68
Q

reaction with DOUBLE OR TRIPLE BONDS (-C=C- or -C≡C-) in an organic material causes the color to fade from purple to BROWN precipitate

A

BAEYER’S TEST

69
Q

an alkene/alkyne is oxidized by KMnO4
producing products of a DIOL (for alkene), an alkane with FOUR HYDROXYL GROUPS (for alkyne), a manganese dioxide (MnO2) and permanganate ion (MnO4^2-)

A

OXIDATION REACTION

70
Q

oxidation reaction product for ALKENE w/ KMnO4

71
Q

oxidation reaction product for ALKYNE w/ KMnO4

A

alkane w/ 4 hydroxyl groups

72
Q

BROMINE TEST:
indicates a positive result

A

CLEAR COLORLESS SOLN

73
Q

BROMINE TEST:
_____ may yield clear pinkish color because of its innate color

74
Q

BROMINE TEST:
gasoline may yield clear ______ color because of its innate color

75
Q
  • used as a qualitative test for UNSATURATION (presence of double or triple bonds)
  • reaction with double or triple bonds (-C=C- or -C≡C-) in an organic material causes the color to fade from BROWN TO CLEAR COLORLESS solution
A

BROMINE TEST

76
Q

____ is dissolved either in dichloromethane, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride and the alkene/alkyne sample is added to it

77
Q

an alkene/alkyne reacts with Br2 producing products of a dibromo for alkene and ultimately a tetrabromo for alkyne

A

ADDITION REACTION

78
Q

the ________ in alkenes and alkynes are SUSCEPTIBLE to ADDITION reactions

A

WEAK PI BONDS

79
Q

Addition reaction product of ALKENE w/ Bromine

80
Q

Addition reaction product of ALKYNE w/ Bromine

A

TETRABROMO

81
Q

AROMATICITY (NITRATION):
indicates a positive result

A

YELLOW COLORED LAYER

82
Q

benzene is nitrated using a NITRATING ACID (HNO3 + H2SO4) to produce NITROBENZENE

A

AROMATICITY

83
Q

predicts the PRESENCE OF AROMATIC RING through the formation of YELLOW COLORED LAYER in solution after warming the test sample

A

AROMATICITY

84
Q

only _______ will proceed through electrophilic aromatic substitution

A

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

85
Q

only aromatic compounds will proceed through ________ aromatic substitution

A

ELECTROPHILIC

86
Q
  • electron LOVING
  • electron POOR
A

ELECTROPHILIC

87
Q

a very powerful electrophile

A

NITRONIUM ION

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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