Experiments Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The thing in the experiment which you are in control of and can manipulate.

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2
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The thing which you measure(shown in the results).

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3
Q

What is operationalisation?

A

Measuring the specific behaviour or thing for the results (normally in numerical form).

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4
Q

What is an extranous variable?

A

A factor (like the IV) which can impact the DvV.

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5
Q

What is a situational variable?

A

Changes that occur in the situation the participants are in (e.g. crowds).

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6
Q

What is a participant variable?

A

Difference between the participants themselves (e.g. intelligence)

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7
Q

What is a cofounding variable?

A

A type of extraneous variable which changes systematically with the IV

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8
Q

What is an alternitive hypothesis?

A

Where you make a prediction where the IV will effect the DV.

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9
Q

What isa null hypothesis?

A

Making a prediction where the IV will not effct the DV.

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10
Q

What is a directional/ one-tailed hypthesis?

A

A concrete prediction where you predict there will be a change and what way the change will go.

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11
Q

What is a non-directional/ two-tailed hypothesis?

A

An unsure prediction where you predict there will be a change but don’t know which way the change will go.

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12
Q

What is a lab experiment?

A

-Takes place in a controlled setting.
-Standardised situation.
-Variables of manipulated to determined cause and effect.
-In an artificial setting.

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13
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

-Variables are manipulated to determined cause and effect.
-Done in a real life situation.

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14
Q

What is social desiarablity?

A

Acting or responding in a way which is deemed to be a socially acceptable rather than their own response.

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15
Q

What is demand characteristics?

A

Where the ppts form and interpretation of the study and subconsciously change their behaviour to fit that interpretation.

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16
Q

What is some strengths of a lab experiment?

A

-Higher level of control so less extraneous variables -very valid.
-Easy to repeat as standardised- highly reliable.

17
Q

What are some weaknesses of a lab experiment?

A

-Cannot be used to explain real world behaviour as it is conducted in an artificial setting.
-More likely to have demand characteristics.

18
Q

What are some strengths of a field experiment?

A

-High ecological validity.
-High in mundane realism.
-Less demand characteristics- valid.
-Less social desirability.

19
Q

What are some weaknesses of a field experiment?

A

Lower reliability as there are more EV’s.
-Not as standardised- lowers reliability.