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history- british empire > Expansion in Africa (1890-1914) > Flashcards

Expansion in Africa (1890-1914) Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Lugard commissioned to build a native force in Nigeria

A

1897

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2
Q

Why was Lugard commissioned build a native force in Nigeria

A

to protect British interests around the Lagos colony and against French aggression

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3
Q

When and why did Lugard stop being the commander of the Western African Frontier Force (WAFF)

A

in 1899 when French disputes were resolved

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4
Q

When was initially agreed that the three British protectorates of the Niger would be amalgamated

A

1898

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5
Q

What were the three British protectorates of the Niger

A

Lagos, Northern and Southern Nigeria

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6
Q

When did Lugard become the high commissioner of the protectorate of Northern Nigeria

A

1900

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7
Q

How did Lugard administer Nigeria and why did he administer it this way

A

Through indirect rule as it was a large area and there was inadequate supply of money and men

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8
Q

When did Lagos and Nigeria amalgamate

A

26th February 1906

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9
Q

Why did Lugard return to Nigeria in 1911

A

to conclude the amalgamation of Southern Nigeria and Northern

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10
Q

When did all three territories officially amalgamate

A

1914

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11
Q

What were the British imports from the cape by 1891

A

7.7 million

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12
Q

When was the railway to Delagoa Bay completed

A

1894

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13
Q

Why did the railway to Delagoa Bay concern the British

A

as the Transvaal could export and import goods without touching British territory- economic issue

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14
Q

When did the Jameson Raid occur

A

29th December 1895

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15
Q

What period was Rhodes prime minister of the Cape Colony

A

1890-1896

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16
Q

Why did Jameson say they were going into the Transvaal

A

to support the uprising of the Uitlanders who disliked the indirect taxes imposed upon them

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17
Q

When did the second Boer War begin

A

1899

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18
Q

How much money had the British invested into the Transvaal by 1899

A

£350 million

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19
Q

When did the British start building the railway in Mombassa

A

1895

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20
Q

When did the Anglo-Zanzibar war begin

A

August 27th 1896

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21
Q

Why did the British initiate the Anglo-Zanzibar war

A

Khalid seized the throne- wasn’t British approved but he refused to stand down

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22
Q

How much did the British pay in grants for the development of East Africa in 1913

A

£2.8 million

23
Q

What the strategic benefit of the railway (Mombassa to Lake Victoria)

A

linked respective colonies with each other and gave them access to Indian Ocean

24
Q

What were Britain’s justification for the Mombassa railway

A
  • access to new markets
  • encourage colonial settlement
  • exports of tea and coffee
  • stopped the need for slave porters to access the interior
  • protected the source of Nile against rivals
  • promoted British tourism
25
Q

When did the Denshawai incident occur

A

1906

26
Q

When was the 2nd Boer War

A

1899-1902

27
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Vereeriging

A
  • Boers acknowledged themselves as British subjects
  • Boer colonies became British colonies
  • South Africa become single British dominion territory 1910
28
Q

What was the Caisse de la Dette

A
  • group of European countries who controlled Egyptian finances
  • 1/2 countries revenue went to paying European bond holders
  • could prevent British governor-general from spending Egyptian money on matters they disapproved of
29
Q

When was the Entente Cordial

A

-1904

30
Q

What was the Entente Cordial

A
  • signed between Britain and France
  • France agreed to respect British special rights over Egypt in return British respect over French special rights over Morocco
  • ended the Caisse de la Dette control over Egypt
31
Q

What fuelled the growing middle class nationalist movement in Egypt

A 
British failure to:
-deal with Khedive's corrupt government
-help the poor
-promote the Egyptian cloth-making industry
Denshawi incident
32
Q

Why were the British worried about French and German expansion inland in East Africa

A

feared that they might try to gain control of headwaters of the Nile which were vital for the welfare of Egypt

33
Q

When was Sir Herbert Kitchener appointed commander in chief of the Egyptian Army

A

1896

34
Q

When was the Battle of Omdurman

A

1898

35
Q

When was the Fashoda Incident

A

1898

36
Q

When was Kitchener appoint governor general of Egypt

A

1899

37
Q

How did the British reinforce its Somaliland protectorate

A

administrative and military personnel in 1898

38
Q

Why did the British want to reinforce Somaliland

A

to limit both French and Italian ambitions in that area

39
Q

What was the strategic benefit of Somaliland

A

commanded Britain’s crucial access to the Indian Ocean and its colonies in the East

40
Q

How long was the Uganda Railway

A

660 miles

41
Q

How much did the Uganda Railway cost the British

A

£5 million

42
Q

When Uganda become a protectorate

A

1894

43
Q

How many people were killed in the Battle of Omdurman

A

11,000 killed and 16,000 wounded

44
Q

What was the nature of Gorst’s reforms in Egypt

A

more Egyptians in sensible gov and tried to impose tighter censorship
used various penal measures to try and quell nationalism

45
Q

What was the Fashoda Incident

A

bungled attempt by poorly equipped French expedition to capture the fort at Fashoda in Western Sudan
almost led to war between France and Britain but French gov backed down agreeing to let Sudan be a British ‘sphere of influence’

46
Q

What was the impact of the Jameson Raid

A
  • no longer could British pursue policies in SA on coat tails of capitalists
  • Rhodesia and value of charted company shores in danger
  • Rhodes disowned by British gov
  • British interest didn’t increase but threat increased
  • Kruger refused to talk to British gov
47
Q

What were the causes of the 2nd Boer War

A

Economic
-protect financial + commercial stakes in SA (gold and trade)
Strategic
-Sea lanes to India- assured communication with India
Imperial Rivalry
-Germany- possibly want to take Transvaal under their protection
-German + french interest increased after discovery of gold
-Lord Ripon- ‘German inclination to take Transvaal… is a v serious thing’
Individuals
-Milner+Kruger

48
Q

Consequences of the 2BW

A
  • Treaty of Vereeniging (political supremacy over the Boers)
  • Concentration Camps (weakened British image)
  • amalgamation of British and Boer economies
  • ended British splendid isolation (war showed their vulnerability)
  • for first time since Indian mutiny people wondered how long the British could hold empire
  • end of pax britanica (motivations clearly not civilising)
  • military reforms
  • increased anglo-german antagonism
49
Q

How did the British and Boers integrate their economies

A

Bringing them into a single custom union

amalgamating their railways

50
Q

Which areas of the world did young men volunteer to fight with the Boers

A

Germans, French, America and Ireland

51
Q

How much did the 2BW cost

A

£230 million

52
Q

How many British troops were involved in 2BW

A

400,000

53
Q

What military reforms took place as a result of the 2BW

A

-establishment of Committee of Imperial Defence
-Army reorganised under Liberal War Secetary
-National Service League set up in 1901- 270,000 members by 1914
-Eugenics Education Society (1907)- introduce measures to stop unfit people producing children
Fisher Reforms (1904)- consolidating naval power in Europe and building a new fleet of ‘unsinkable’ battle ships

history- british empire (20 decks)

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