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history- british empire > Economics of Empire (1857-1919) > Flashcards

Economics of Empire (1857-1919) Flashcards

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1
Q

How many people were employed to run the whole Empire by 1914

A

less than 6000 people

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2
Q

How many people were employed to run India by 1914

A

3,000

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3
Q

How much did the administration of Empire cost per head of the British pop

A

roughly 20p per head

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4
Q

How many troops were in the Indian Army

A

340,000

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5
Q

Compared to Germany and France how much more did the British spend on military in the late victorian period

A

2 times as much

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6
Q

Compared to USA, Russia and Austria-Hungary how much more did the British spend on military in late victorian period

A

3 times as much

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7
Q

How much did Indians contribute towards the cost of the Indian army and the navy

A

70% of Indian army but nothing towards the navy

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8
Q

by 1912 how much did each Indian pay towards the cost of their defence

A

7p

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9
Q

By 1912 how much to every colonial subject pay towards the defence cost

A

3p

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10
Q

How much did the average British pay towards national defence spending and how much of this went towards imperial defence

A

£1.56 and around 54p went towards imperial defence

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11
Q

How did imperial defence also help Britain

A

Indian army was supplied with British manufacture and the ships the navy used were built in the UK where 1 million men were employed just before WW1

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12
Q

Prior to 1875 where were Britain’s main markets for buying and selling goods

A

places outside the empire- Germany, USA and S America

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13
Q

In 1875 what percentage of British exports went to Empire

A

26%

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14
Q

Why did the Empire become more important to Britain between 1870-1914

A

the British found it harder to compete with the rapidly industrialising nations (USA and Germany)

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15
Q

When was the Imperial Federation League set up

A

1884

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16
Q

What was the Imperial Federation League set up

A

promote closer ties with the imperial possessions

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17
Q

What does the creation of Imperial Federation League show about British attitudes to empire

A

shows that the British weren’t only concerned with empire for trading and economic purposes

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18
Q

When was the Imperial Federation League disbanded and what does it show about British attitudes to Empire

A

1893 and it highlights the lack of interest in the Empire’s commercial importance

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19
Q

What areas was Empire the main food supplier

A

cheese, apples, potatoes and fresh mutton

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20
Q

How much wheat did Britain import from USA compared to Canada in 1894

A

30.7 million hundred weight of wheat from USA compared to 3.6 million from Canada

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21
Q

What percentage of British exports were taken from Tropical Africa in 1897

A

1.2%

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22
Q

What does the lack of exports taken from Tropical show about British attitudes to Empire

A

highlights that Britain couldn’t have just been expanding for economic benefits

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23
Q

By 1914 what percentage of British exports went to empire and of this how much went to India

A

35%- 20% went to India

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24
Q

By 1914 what percentage of Britain’s beef and wheat flour was Canada supplying

A

20% of beef and 15% of wheat flour

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25
Q

How did the policy of free trade affect British exports

A

meant that they were competing on a even basis with any other exporter
160 Britain had 49% of imperial export markets BUT in 1929 they had 36%

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26
Q

When did Britain first discuss altering the free trade policy

A

in 1887 as the first colonial conference- discussed free trade within the empire itself but with tariffs on goods coming from outside the Empire (free trade empire)

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27
Q

How many new millionaires were made in merchant banking between 1860-1919 in the city

A

22

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28
Q

What was the nature of the 1899 colonial loans act and the 1900colonial stocks act

A

enabled a number of infrastructure projects to go ahead- funds were often raised in the city

29
Q

What is an example of the colonial loans and stock acts being used in empire

A

rail link from central Africa to ports at Lagos and Mombassa

30
Q

What percentage of the gold coasts finances did the 1899 and 1900 colonial loans and stock acts make up in in 1901

A

88%

31
Q

How much did the colonial loans act cost for the British tax payer

A

only 2p a year between 1880 and 1914

32
Q

How much more had Britiain invested than France and Germany overseas by 1914

A

two times as much as France and three times as much as Germany

33
Q

How many people emigrated from Britain between 1816-1914 and of this number how many went to the USA

A

16 million- 1/4 went to the USA

34
Q

How many Britons left home between 1901-1910 and why

A

1.8 million due to the recession

35
Q

What examples (statistics) are there for imperial colonies becoming more popular in the 20th Century

A

55% of emigrants went to imperial territory in 1906
68% in 1910
82% by 1912

36
Q

When was the Reformatory and Industrial Schools Act

A

1891

37
Q

What was the nature of the Reformatory and iNdustrial Schools Act

A

gave their governors the power to sent delinquent children to the colonies

38
Q

How many orphans did Dr Barnardo pay for to go to Canada between 1870-1930

A

100,000

39
Q

What was the British Women’s Emigration League designed to do

A

send unmarried women abroad

40
Q

Why was Britain so committed to free trade

A

Britain was the foremost industrial nation- produced the most stuff and so had an obvious interest in selling it to the most places

41
Q

How much were India imported goods worth in 1867

A

£21 million

42
Q

Give examples of how much exports were worth around the empire in 1867

A 
Australia £8 million
Canada £5.8 million
Hong Kong £2.5 million
Singapore £2 million
N Zealand £1.6 million
43
Q

Give examples of how the value of Imports rose in India

A

Raw cotton- went from £1.642 mil in 1854 to £5.875 mil in 1876

44
Q

What percentage of Lancashire cotton exports were India taking by 1914

A

25%

45
Q

How much of Britain’s total exports did India take by 1914

A

about 20% (150 mil)

46
Q

How much did the debt which the Indian public held rise by between 1858 and 1914

A

rose from 7% to 60%

47
Q

How much did Britiain export to West Indies in 1860 compared to the amount in 1820

A

1820 exported around £4 mil

1860 exported under £2 mil

48
Q

What does the lack of trade with Africa and West Indies show about British trading with Empire

A

highlights that not all areas of empire were economically rewarding for the British and thus trade with countries outside the empire was just as if not more important than trade within the empire

49
Q

Give examples (statistics) of how important USA were as a trading partner compared to other colonies

A

1865-9- USA imports £39 mil whilst tropical Africa only 1.3 mil
1880-4 USA £97 mil imports whilst tropical Africa only 1.5 mil
1909-13 USA £131 mil imports whilst tropical Africa only 6 mil

50
Q

How much did British overseas investment rise by between 1900-1913

A

doubled from £2 billion to £4 billion

51
Q

How much did Britain export to Latin America in 1880 and how much did it rise by in 1910

A

£17 million in 1880 and £50 million in 1890

52
Q

What percentage of trade was with Latin America in WW1

A

10%

53
Q

How much did Britain invest in South America by 1913

A

invested £1200 million

54
Q

How much of the investment in S America was on railways

A

about half as Britain owned railways in every South American country

55
Q

How much did British invest in Argentina in 1880 and 1913

A

£20 million in 1880 and £360 million in 1913

56
Q

What percentage return was the railway from Buenos and Great Souther Railway in 1900

A

7% return on investors

57
Q

How much of Britain overseas property income was Latin America providing by 1913

A

1/4

58
Q

What is British trading with Latin America an example of

A

Informal Empire

59
Q

How much did British investment in the USA increase by from 1899 to 1914

A

went from £500 million to £800 million

60
Q

Statistics on how great British involvement with the USA was for trade by 1913

A

USA accounted for 1/5 of British exports
1/3 of British imports
<1/2 of overseas investment
almost 3/4 of her oceanic shipping

61
Q

When did Joseph Chamberlain first advocate for imperial preference

A

190 at the London Colonial Conference

62
Q

Why was Chamberlain’s imperial preference opposed by some

A

opposed by those who had an interest in free trade (manufacturers, bankers and shipping magnates)

63
Q

Why was Chamberlain defeated in the 1906 general election

A

people believed imperial preference would put up food prices

64
Q

When did dominions (Aus, NZ and S. Africa) start imposing their own import tariffs

A

during the outbreak of WW1

65
Q

Which countries did Canada have its own trading agreements with

A

Germany, Italy and Japan

66
Q

How many new millionaires were made in merchant banking between 1860-1919 in London

A

22 new millionaires

67
Q

What was the nature of the 1899 Colonial Loans Act and the 1900 Colonial Stocks Act

A

enabled a number of infrastructure projects to go ahead- funds were often raised in the city

68
Q

What is an example of where the Colonial Loans and Stocks Acts has been used in empire

A

rail link from Central Africa to ports in Lagos and Mombassa

69
Q

How much did the Loans affect the British tax payer

A

the affect was limited- only 2p a year between 1880 and 1914

history- british empire (20 decks)

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