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history- british empire > decolonisation in Africa > Flashcards

decolonisation in Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

When and why was Nkrumah expelled from the UGCC

A

June 1949- too radical

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2
Q

What was the name of the nationalists party Nkrumah set up

A

Convention People’s Party (CPP)

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3
Q

Why did Nkrumah call a general strike in Jan 1950

A

because of Arden-Clarke’s first proposed constitution which didn’t award self gov

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4
Q

How long was Nkrumah in jail for

A

about 1 year

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5
Q

When did the CPP win their first general election

A

Feb 1951

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6
Q

What did Nkrumah achieve for the people in Ghana by 1957

A
  • he doubled the no. of primary schools
  • lent £1 million to farmers at low interest rates
  • built 9 new hospitals
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7
Q

How was Nkrumah’s leadership style similar to Gandhi’s

A

He advocated non-violent resistance and passive protest

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8
Q

How many seats did the CPP win in the election in Feb 1951

A

35 out of the 38 seats

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9
Q

How many seats in the legislative council did the CPP win in 1956

A

71 out of the 104 seats

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10
Q

Why was the National Liberation Movement (NLM) formed and who was involved?

A

the Ashanti tribesmen and Accra farmers felt dominated by the CPP following the 1954 general election

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11
Q

How did the NLM cause trouble in Ghana

A

they stirred up serious civil discord, rioting and killing

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12
Q

What does the growth of fragmented nationalists groups (NLM) tells us about decolonisation in Ghana

A

link to India- growth of fragmented nationalist groups could have increased British desire to leave Ghana as they could end up with the unmanageable problems of partition (on a smaller scale)

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13
Q

Which nationalists group did Arden Clarke initially try to work with

A

tried to work with respectable UGCC leaders and not Nkrumah and his militants

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14
Q

What did the British 1954 constitution in Ghana consist of

A

the constitution would enlarge the legislative assembly; all members were chosen by direct election from equal, single-memeber constituencies; it established a cabinet composed of African ministers; only denfense and foreign policy remained in the hands of the British govenor

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15
Q

Why did the colonial office become more willing to work with Nkrumah

A

following the 1954 elections the CPP carried 55.4% of the votes- colonial office had to cooperate with CPP and ensure self-gov or else there would serious bloodshed

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16
Q

What was Nkrumah’s white paper

A

contained the proposals for Gold Coast Independence

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17
Q

What was the government’s response to Nkrumah’s white paper

A

British government agreed to a firm date for independence if a reasonable majority for such a step were obtained in the Gold Coast Legislative Assembly after a general election

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18
Q

What factors led to decol in Ghana

A
  • nationalism
  • leaders (Nkrumah)
  • British gov fear of repeating the problems in India/Palestine
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19
Q

How du the growth of the native political class in Africa contribute to decol

A
  • Western educated (knew the system)
  • British felt they had fulfilled purpose
  • class of people in which the British could collaborate with- felt as if they were leaving the country in safe hands
20
Q

What was the nature of the 1946 Richards Constitution in Nigeria

A

-allowed for greater representation but with the Governor-General and the Executive Council (appointed) retaining ultimate power

21
Q

How did nationalists react to the Richards Constitution

A

thought it was too conservative

22
Q

Why did the British replace the Richards Constitution with the Macpherson constitution

A

due to pressure and discontent from nationalists groups

23
Q

What was the nature of the Macpherson Constitution of 1951

A

-gave natives the right to vote and and created a National Council of Ministers answerable to a 185 seat federal house of representatives

24
Q

What was the effect of Azikiwe’s chain of newspapers in Nigeria

A

influenced and heightened nationalist opinions

25
Q

Give examples of Azikiwe’s newspapers

A
  • West African Pilot

- African Morning Post

26
Q

Who was the governor general of Nigeria

A

Lord Luggard

27
Q

What did the Willink Commission report say

A

said people did want separate states but they would not provide a solution for the fears expressed
‘it would be a pity if separate states had been created which enshrined tribal separation in a political form that was designed to be permanent

28
Q

What were the 4 ethnic groups in Nigeria and where were they situated

A
  • Hausa-Fulani (Northern Region)
  • Yoruba (Western Region)
  • Ibo (Eastern Region)
  • minorities in each region
29
Q

KAU

A

Kenyan African Union

30
Q

Who became president of KAU in 1947

A

Kenyatta

31
Q

What the nature of the Mau Mau Revolt

A

members of the Kikuyu tribe revolting against British control

32
Q

What happened as a result of the Mau Mau Revolt

A

a state of emergency was declared and Kenyatta was arrested

33
Q

When was KAU banned

A

1953

34
Q

When did state of emergency end in Kenya

A

1960

35
Q

KANU

A

Kenyan African National Union

36
Q

Who formed the KANU

A

Tom Mboya and Oginga Odinga

37
Q

What was the Lyttleton Constitution

A

gave Africans opportunity to gain some ministerial experience

38
Q

When does Kenyatta become president of KANU

A

1961

39
Q

When was full internal self-gov introduced

A

1962

40
Q

When does Kenya gain independence

A

1963

41
Q

When does Kenya become a republic

A

1964

42
Q

What did Kenyatta advocate

A

peaceful transition to African majority rule

43
Q

Who was the KANU built around

A

it was built around Kenyatta even though he was still incarcerated

44
Q

Why did the Mau Mau Revolt make the British situation in Kenya worse

A

had to use violence- highlighted the discrepancy between the superiority the the British preach and the barbaric and uncivilised behaviour that they practise

45
Q

How did the United Nations affect decol in Kenya

A

pressuring the Britis to bring colonial territory to independence

46
Q

How did WW2 affect decol in Kenya

A

some British settlers became tired of post war austerity or of the policies of the labour government

history- british empire (20 decks)

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