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history- british empire > british attitudes (1857-1890) > Flashcards

british attitudes (1857-1890) Flashcards

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1
Q

Which party in Britain was the ‘party of empire’ by the 1870s

A

conservatives

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2
Q

who made the crystal palace speech

A

Disraeli

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3
Q

when was the crystal palace speech

A

1872

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4
Q

what was said in the crystal palace speech

A

no minister in this country will do his duty who neglects any opportunity of reconstructing as amuch as possible our colonial empire
the second great object of the Tory party was the maintenance of the empire

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5
Q

why did disraeli become so enthusiastic about empire

A

to win support from an electorate that had been enlarged following the 1867 reform act

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6
Q

what did Gladstone believe in terms of empire

A

Britain needed to avoid new acquisitions and concentrate on developing existing colonies to help them towards self government

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7
Q

what did Gladstone distinguish between

A

distinguished between ‘imperialism’ and ‘empire’

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8
Q

what was Gladstone’s opinion on Disraeli’s ‘imperialism’

A

believed Disraeli’s ‘imperialism’ talk was dangerous and could lead to ‘jingoism’

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9
Q

what is ‘jingoism’

A

empire-related patriotism which encouraged and celebrated British imperial gains and boasted about Britain’s power

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10
Q

when and where did Disraeli buy £4 million worth of shares

A

Suez canal in 1875

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11
Q

what was the Royal Titles Act

A

it bestowed the title ‘Empress of India’ on Queen Victoria

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12
Q

when was the Royal Titles Act passed

A

1877

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13
Q

what was the point of the Royal Titles Act

A

to embed British rule over India

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14
Q

who did Disraeli appoint as Viceroy of India in 1877

A

Robert Lytton

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15
Q

when did the British invade Afghanistan

A

November 1878

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16
Q

why did Lytton launch an invasion of Afghanistan

A
  • consolidate and expand their control of the Raj
  • Great Game- Russia had taken over Turkmeninstan in Feb 1878 so the British were scared of Russia encroaching into their buffer zone
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17
Q

how many Russian soldiers were seen in Afghan before the British decided to invade

A

3,000

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18
Q

how many soldiers to the British-Indian troops lose during Afghan invasion

A

almost 10,000 losses

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19
Q

what does the invasion of Afghanistan show about British governmental attitudes of empire

A

still concerned about expanding their empire and saw empire as a tool to assert influence and power over not only the natives but also other european powers

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20
Q

when did the first boer war occur

A

between 1880-1881

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21
Q

who started the first boer war and why

A

the Transvaal Boers wanted to throw off British control and declare their independence

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22
Q

where and when were the British defeated during the First Boer War

A

at Majuba Hill in Feb 1881

23
Q

following their defeat at Majuba Hill what did Gladstone decide to do

A

Gladstone decided not commit further troops, time or money to uphold Disraeli’s ambition for British hegemony over South Africa

24
Q

What does hegemony mean

A

dominance by one state over others in the region

25
Q

Where and when did the Mahdist Rebellion take place

A

Sudan in 1884

26
Q

What did Gladstone urge during the Mahdist Rebellion

A

he urged for the withdrawl of Anglo-Egyptian troops

27
Q

What do Gladstone’s actions during the First Boer War and the Mahdist Rebellion show?

A

his actions highlight the differences between the conservative and liberal colonial policy and that everyone in Britain was unduly triumphalist

28
Q

How do Gladstone’s actions during the Berlin Conference highlight that he wasn’t as much of an imperialist as Disraeli

A
  • even though Bechuanaland became a British protectorate the local Tswana rulers were left in power
  • when Germany claimed New Guinea Gladstone was reluctant to intervene (was the Queensland Premier who ordered British control over the region)
29
Q

When was Gladstone’s Parliamentary Reform Act?

A

1884

30
Q

How many men were eligible to vote following the Parliamentary Reform Act

A

5.5 million men

31
Q

When did Gladstone resign

A

June 1885

32
Q

What trend returned following the Parliamentary Reform Act

A

trend of using or promoting imperialism for support

33
Q

What does the trend of promoting imperialism for support in elections show about attitudes to empire?

A

shows that British people were aware of Empire and had an opinion on it

34
Q

When Gladstone return as prime minister

A

1886

35
Q

When did Gladstone introduce the Home Rule Bill for Ireland

A

1886

36
Q

What does the rejection of the Home Bill for Ireland show about attitudes to empire

A

shows that at this time majority of politicans in parliament were still quite imperialist and triumphant in their stance on empire

37
Q

What role and how did the British press have in steering the British public reaction to the Indian mutiny

A
  • played a big role
  • pick and chose which events of the Indian Mutiny they publicised
  • chose Cawnpore- Indian’s killed 200 captive British woman and children
  • showed the Indians in a negative light
38
Q

What does the press’s involvement in reporting the Indian Mutiny tell us about British attitudes to Empire at this time

A

Tells us that a lot the British public’s opinion on empire was based on what newspapers ad reporters told them

39
Q

What did Edward Armitage’s painting ‘Retribution, 1858’ depict

A

depicted the events of the Indian Mutiny and the course of action that the British was going to take to ‘bring justice’ upon Indian rebels

40
Q

How did Edward Armitage’s painting influence public opinion

A

it conveyed to them an interpretation of the mutiny and the ‘bravery’ of the British when faced with colonial disruption
the composition and proportions are highly melodramatic which displays the pride and emphasis placed on British strength

41
Q

What did G.A Henty say about the intelligence of the average Negro

A

he said that the intelligence of the average negro is about equal to that of a European child of ten years old

42
Q

What was G.A Henty known as

A

known as one of the most offensive colonial writers and was accused of xenophobia

43
Q

What book did Rider Haggard write in 1885?

A

King Solomon’s Mines’

44
Q

What is King Solomon’s Mines’ about?

A

the search of an unexpected region of Africa by a group of adventurers

45
Q

How does Haggard portray African characters

A

depicts some as hero and heroines and included interracial romances

46
Q

What does the main character in King Solomon’s Mines’ say about Africans

A

states that many Africans are more worthy of the title ‘gentleman’ that the Europeans who settle or adventure in the country

47
Q

What does Haggard’s novel tell us about attitudes to empire

A

shows that not everyone was unduly triumphalist- especially as the book was a best seller

48
Q

When was the Boys’ Own Paper founded?

A

1879

49
Q

How popular was the Boys’ Own Paper and the Girls’ Own Paper

A

together they reached a circulation of half a million

50
Q

What did Niall Fergusson write in ‘Empire’ about imperial readership

A

the most devoted readers of imperialist literature were schoolboys

51
Q

What messages did the Boys’ Own Paper encourage

A
  • soldiery and braver

- included contributions from Colonel Baden-Powell who urged readers to lead ‘manly and Christian lives’

52
Q

What was exhibited at the 1877 empire exhibition in Alexandra Palace

A

a Nubian village featuring both animals and humans collected in the Sudan

53
Q

What does the 1877 exhibition tell us about attitudes to empire

A

shows that a lot of people still saw natives as inherently inferior and emphasised the idea of the ‘other’ as they are something to be exhibited

history- british empire (20 decks)

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