Exercise and emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is clinical anxiety?

A

Unrealistic and unfounded fear and anxiety

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2
Q

What is panic disorder characterised by?

A

Episodic attacks of acute anxiety; physical symptoms; anticipatory sensitivity (anxiety sensitivity)

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3
Q

How does a lack of regular PA associate with depression, anxiety, and panic attack prevalence?

A

Those with no regular PA had a higher occurrence of depression, anxiety, and panic attacks than those who have regular PA

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4
Q

How does PA related to prevention of depression and anxiety?

A

Higher the PA is, the more protective it seems to be correlated with

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5
Q

How does exercise compare to other interventions for reducing anxiety?

A

PA has similar effect to CBT, though not as great as pharmacotherapy. PA had better effect than most other interventions.

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6
Q

How much exercise seems to ideal for reducing anxiety?

A

Public health guidelines (150 mins/week MVPA)

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7
Q

Why do findings into PA effect of anxiety and depression have to be interpreted carefully?

A

Often have methodological limitations of individual studies; only a few studies measured fitness (and thus adherence to intervention)

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8
Q

How does CBT work?

A

Through exposure to fear of somatic sensations, arousal reduction etc

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9
Q

What is anxiety sensitivity?

A

Precursor of panic attacks/disorders; fear of anxiety and anxiety-related sensations; tendency to misinterpret sensations

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10
Q

How does PA affect anxiety sensitivity?

A

Higher intensity PA had higher decrease in anxiety sensitivity; higher intensity PA reduces feat of anxiety related sensations. Those with higher fitness perceive anxiety as less hurtful towards performance

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11
Q

What is depression?

A

Pathological state of extreme dejection/melancholy, often w/ physical symptoms; reduction in vitality, vigour, or spirits

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12
Q

What types of diseases tend to have a high prevalence of depression?

A

MS, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Cushing’s

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13
Q

How does PA affect depression?

A

Higher intensity causes greater decrease in depression; higher frequency causes decreases in depression; overall dose most relevant for reduction in depression ~PA health guidelines

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14
Q

How does PA compare to other interventions for depression?

A

Moderate positive clinical effect, but no difference compared with psych/ pharmacological treatment

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15
Q

How is inflammation related to depression?

A

1/3 people with depression have higher inflammation levels (CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha); depression is increased in inflammatory diseases; increased rates of depression associated with cytokine treatments (e.g. for cancer)

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16
Q

What are some inflammatory illnesses?

A

MS; rheumatoid arthritis; medical illness associated with poorer prognosis and disability

17
Q

How can PA influence depression based on physiological knowledge?

A

PA reduces inflammation

18
Q

What is fatigue?

A

Extreme tiredness; reduction in efficiency of a muscle, organ etc after prolonged activity

19
Q

What are characteristics of CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome)?

A

Physical sensations of exhaustion and weakness; not relieved by rest; not proportional to activity; decreases capacity to work/ complete tasks; associated with emotions of helplessness, vulnerability, and anxiety; decreased attention and motivation (reduced cognitive ability_; can be chronic, acute, persistent, or episodic

20
Q

How is PA associated with fatigue?

A

High PA is associated with lower levels of fatigue; however, no causality and may be cases of being too fatigued to exercise

21
Q

How does withdrawal of exercise affect fatigue?

A

Increases fatigue; is partially mediated by decrease in fitness levels/ higher self-efficacy/ lower depression

22
Q

How does PA affect fatigue in MS patients?

A

Has small effect size for a reduction in fatigue

23
Q

How does PA compare to other interventions for fatigue?

A

PA more beneficial compared to common pharmacological treatments