Exchange Surfaces & Breathing Flashcards

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1
Q

what substances needed to pass across exchange surfaces

A

water, oxygen, minerals, proteins, fats, glucose

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2
Q

waste products

A

carbon dioxide, oxygen, ammonia, urea

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3
Q

features of perfect specialised exchange surfaces

A

large SA
thin barrier
steep concentration gradient

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4
Q

small animals

A

large SA/V ratio

diffusion across external surface able to provide all respiratory needs

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5
Q

large animals

A

small SA/V ratio

gas exchange over body surface can’t satisfy needs so need special surfaces

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6
Q

gaseous exchange

A

the movement of gases between an organism and its environment

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7
Q

diffusion rate at gas exchange depends on

A

SA of surface
difference in concentration
length of diffusion pathway

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8
Q

main site of gas exchange

A

alveoli (little across walls of bronchioles)

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9
Q

partial pressure of oxygen

A

a measure of how much of the whole atmospheric pressure is due to the oxygen present in it

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10
Q

partial pressure measured in

A

kilopascals

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11
Q

why would airways collapse if cartilage didn’t support it

A

during inspiration pressure inside airway is lower than normal so if no support likely to collapse

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12
Q

why are blood vessels important in lung tissues

A

the more blood vessels with larger SA the faster the rate of diffusion of gases

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13
Q

why are there many filaments and lamellae in fish

A

filaments very thin so short gas exchange pathway

lots to increase surface area for faster rate of gas exchange

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14
Q

why will sharks drown if they stop moving

A

there will be no countercurrent flow as there won’t be a flow of water over the lamellae

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15
Q

when inspiring the trace on a sprirometer graph will

A

dip down

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16
Q

when expiring the trace will

A

climb up

17
Q

from peak of expiration to low of inspiration shows the volume of

A

a single breath

18
Q

why is sodalime used in spirometers

A

to absorb carbon dioxide from the air

19
Q

vital capacity

A

greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking deepest possible breath

20
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air inhaled or exhaled

21
Q

residual volume

A

volume of air that remains in lungs even after forced expiration

22
Q

dead space

A

volume of air inhaled that doesn’t take part in gas exchange

23
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of extra air inhaled (above tidal volume) during a deep breath

24
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

amount of extra air exhaled (above tidal volume) after a forceful breath out

25
Q

why are we unable to exhale all the air from our lungs

A

alveoli are held open by elastic fibres and airways are held open by cartilage so the space inside is filled by air

26
Q

how does histamine work

A

binds to receptor on a cell surface membrane, it’s shape is complementary so it initiates an effect inside the cell (activation of enzymes, cAMP)