2.1.1. Cell Structure

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Have a nucleus (containing chromosomes of DNA and histone proteins) inside a nuclear envelope and other membrane-bound organelles
Typically form tissues in multicellular organisms

Question 2

What is resolution

Answer 2

The clarity of an image- higher the resolution, clearer the image

Question 3

Magnification

Answer 3

The number of times larger an image appears compared to actual size

Question 4

Drawing cells

Answer 4

50% of page
4/5 cells
Include wall and membrane and nucleus
Joined neatly
Label lines with ruler
Pencil

Question 5

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 5

Dutch microscopist who discovered bacteria and created his own microscopes

Question 6

Unicellular organisms

Answer 6

Consist of a single cell in which all characteristic activities take place e.g.- brewers yeast

Question 7

Multi-cellular organisms

Answer 7

Composed of many cells

Question 8

Specialised cell formed

Answer 8

From a cell during cell differentiation

Question 9

Tissue

Answer 9

Collection of cells together with any intercellular secretion produced by them, that’s specialised to form a particular function or task. Cells may be the same type or mixed type

Question 10

Organ

Answer 10

A group of tissues that carry out one function

Question 11

Organ system

Answer 11

Groups of organs and tissues carrying out one function

Question 12

Features of animal cell under light microscope

Answer 12

Nucleus (containing chromatin)
Nuclear envelope 
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Glycogen granules

Question 13

Features of plant cell under light microscope

Answer 13

Nucleus
Cell surface membrane
Tonoplast membrane
Chloroplasts
Vacuole (contains cell sap)
Starch granules
Cytoplasm
Cellulose cell wall

Question 14

Typical plant cell

Answer 14

Mesophyll cell from a leaf

Question 15

Typical animal cell

Answer 15

Liver cell from mammal

Question 16

Under light microscope both animal and plant cells contain

Answer 16

Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body

Question 17

Microscope calibration

Answer 17

Calibrated using eyepiece graticule
Graticule remains constant no matter the magnification
A microscope ruler on special slide (stage micrometer) is placed on microscopes stage

Question 18

Division of labour

Answer 18

In cells each type of organelle has a specific role which work together, each contributing it’s part to the survival

Question 19

Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

A network of fibres made of protein that keep the cells shape stable by providing an internal framework

Question 20

Food energy reserves (pro)

Answer 20

stored in granules and vacuoles

Question 21

1 micrometer = mm

Answer 21

1/1000 mm

Question 22

1 nanometer = micrometers

Answer 22

1/1000 micrometers

Question 23

magnification of scale bar =

Answer 23

length of scale bar / length of s.b. represents

Question 24

eyepeice graticule

Answer 24

a measuring device placed in the eyepiece to act as a ruler when viewing an object

Question 25

stage graticule

Answer 25

small scale placed on microscope stage and used to calibrate the value of eyepiece divisions at different magnifications

Question 26

3 types of fibre in the cytoskeleton

Answer 26

microfilaments, micrtubules, intermediate filaments

Question 27

roles of the cytoskeleton

Answer 27

structure, transport, cell movement

Question 28

advantages of staining

Answer 28

highlight a particular organelles, distinguish between different cell types, distinguish different tissue types

Question 29

stain for cells under a microscope

Answer 29

methylene blue, eosin