Biological Molecules Key Words

Question 1

maltose

Answer 1

a disaccharide molecule consisting of 2 alpha glucose molecules bonded together

Question 2

cellulose

Answer 2

a carbohydrate polymer beta glucose that forms plant cell walls

Question 3

beta glucose

Answer 3

a form of glucose where the OH at C1 is above the plane of the ring

Question 4

condensation reaction

Answer 4

when 2 molecules are joined together by a covalent bond to form a larger molecule

Question 5

haemoglobin

Answer 5

the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 6

starch

Answer 6

a polysaccharide found in plant cells

Question 7

amylose

Answer 7

part of a starch molecule consisting of thousands of glucose residues bonded

Question 8

fibrous proteins

Answer 8

protein with a long, thin structure that’s insoluble in water and metabolically inactive

Question 9

alpha glucose

Answer 9

form of glucose where the OH at C1 is below the plane of the ring

Question 10

hexose sugars

Answer 10

6 carbon monosaccharides

Question 11

macrofibrils

Answer 11

mirofibrils held together by more hydrogen bonds to form bundles

Question 12

polymer

Answer 12

a large molecule made up of many similar smaller molecules (monomers) covalently bonded

Question 13

globular proteins

Answer 13

proteins with relatively spherical molecules and soluble in water

Question 14

collagen

Answer 14

a structural fibrous protein found in connective tissues

Question 15

glycine

Answer 15

simplest naturally occurring amino acid

Question 16

disulphide bonds

Answer 16

a single covalent bond between one sulphur atom to 2 amino acids called cysteine

Question 17

protease enzymes

Answer 17

digests proteins

Question 18

beta pleated sheet

Answer 18

a secondary structure found in proteins in which hydrogen bonds are formed between 2 polypeptide chains

Question 19

saturated

Answer 19

a fatty acid is saturated if all possible bonds are made with hydrogen in a hydrocarbon chain

Question 20

genetic code

Answer 20

the sequence of nucleotide bases on a gene with instructions for construction of a polypeptide or protein

Question 21

which bonds to unsaturated fatty acids have

Answer 21

C=C (double carbon bonds) so fewer hydrogen atoms can be bonded

Question 22

mono-unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 22

a single C=C double bond

Question 23

polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 23

2 or more C=C double bonds

Question 24

introducing C=C double bonds…

Answer 24

changes the shape of the hydrocarbon change, makes molecules in a liquid push apart so make them more fluid

Question 25

lipids containing many unsaturated fatty acids are often

Answer 25

oils

Question 26

lipids with mainly saturated fatty acids are

Answer 26

fats

Question 27

fatty acids structure

Answer 27

acid group + hydrocarbon chain, 2-20 carbons long (most commonly 18)

Question 28

why are fatty acids essential

Answer 28

as with some amino acids, animals cannot make some of the fatty acids they need so must be taken in complete

Question 29

why are triglycerides not polymers

Answer 29

they are made up of many different fatty acid molecules (very different monomers)

Question 30

why do organisms need phospholipids in colder climates

Answer 30

organisms in colder climates have an increased number of unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipid molecules to ensure the membranes remain fluid

Question 31

how lipids are used in respiration to make ATP

Answer 31

hydrolysis of ester bond, glycerol and fatty acids broken down completely to CO2 and H2O, energy is released which is used to generate ATP

Question 32

the respiration of 1g of lipid gives out…

Answer 32

twice as much energy as respiration of 1g of carbohydrate