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Human Anatomy and Physiology > example 9 > Flashcards

example 9 Flashcards

ch 20, 21, 22

1
Q

what’s cerebrospinal fluid?

A

cushion of fluid around and within the organs which prevents the brain and spinal cord from injury

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2
Q

how is cerebrospinal fluid drained?

A

through a lumbar puncture also known as a spinal tap

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3
Q

What’s the process of a lumbar puncture? 3

A
  1. a patient is usually positioned lying on their side with their knees and chest drawn together
  2. thin needle is inserted into lumbar region of spine, specifically between vertebrae in the lower back
    L-3 L-4, or L-4 L-5
  3. CSF flows through needle and is collected in sterile containers
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4
Q

If a child is frightened by a dog and his pupils change… which is responsible the sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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5
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

twelve

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6
Q

What are all of the cranial nerves? in order

A
  1. olfactory
  2. optic
  3. oculomotor
  4. trochlear
  5. trigeminal
  6. abducens
  7. facial
  8. vestibulocochlear
  9. glossopharyngeal
  10. vagus
  11. accessory
  12. hypoglossal
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7
Q

olfactory number?

A

1 sensory

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8
Q

optic number?

A

2 sensory

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9
Q

oculomotor number?

A

3 motor

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10
Q

trochlear number?

A

4 motor

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11
Q

trigeminal number?

A

5 mixed

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12
Q

abducens number?

A

6 motor

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13
Q

facial number?

A

7 mixed

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14
Q

vestibulocochlear number?

A

8 sensory

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15
Q

glossopharyngeal number?

A

9 mixed

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16
Q

vagus number?

A

10 mixed

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17
Q

accessory number?

A

11 motor

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18
Q

hypoglossal number?

A

12 motor

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19
Q

what’s the olfactory nerve function?

A

sense of smell

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20
Q

what’s the optic nerve function?

A

vision

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21
Q

what’s the oculomotor function? 2

A
  • eye movement
  • proprioception (muscle sense)
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22
Q

what’s the trochlear function? 2

A
  • eye movement
  • proprioception
23
Q

what’s the trigeminal function? 3

A
  • propriception
  • chewing movements
  • sensations of head and face
24
Q

what’s the abducens function? 2

A
  • abduction of eye
  • proprioception
25
Q

what’s the facial function? 3

A
  • taste
  • secrete saliva and tears
  • facial expressions
26
Q

what’s the vestibulocochlear function? 2

A

balance
hearing

27
Q

what’s the glossopharyngeal function? 2

A
  • swallowing
  • sensations of tongue
28
Q

what’s the vagus function?

A

sensations and movements of organs

29
Q

what’s the accessory function?

A
  • movements of viscera, shoulder, and movements of head
  • proprioception
30
Q

what’s the hypoglossal function? 2

A
  • tongue movements
  • proprioception
31
Q

What are the four main lobes of the brain?

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
32
Q

what’s the function of the frontal lobe?

A

its responsible for higher cognitive functions such as:
- problem-solving
- planning
- emotions
- self-control
- and controlling behavior
also voluntary movement

33
Q

what’s the function of the parietal lobe?

A

it processes sensory info from the body such as:
- touch
- temp.
- pain
- proprioception
also navigation

34
Q

what’s the function of the temporal lobe?

A
  • processing auditory info
  • memory
  • language comprehension
    also emotional responses
35
Q

what’s the function of the occipital lobe?

A
  • visual processing
36
Q

what are the parts of the brain? 6

A
  1. spinal cord
  2. brainstem
  3. reticular formation
  4. cerebellum
  5. diencephalon
  6. cerebrum
37
Q

what’s the spinal cord function?

A

conduction of nerve impulses

38
Q

function of brain stem?

A

integration of basic vital functions

39
Q

function of reticular formation?

A

operates the reticular activating system which regulates state of consciousness

40
Q

function of cerebellum?

A
  • coordinates planning and control of skilled movements
    -posture
  • balance
41
Q

function of thalamus?

A
  • emotional response
  • ## arousal
42
Q

function of hypothalamus?

A
  • arousal
  • appetite
  • thermoregulation
43
Q

function of pineal gland?

A

produces melatonin

44
Q

function of cerebrum?

A

processes sensory and motor information

45
Q

what kind of nerves are the spinal and cranial nerves?

A

peripheral nerves

46
Q

what’s the biological clock?
(also known as circadian rhythm)

A

its an internal mechanism that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It operates of a 24 hour schedule and responds to cues like light and darkness
the pineal gland is involved

47
Q

what’s the corpus callosum?

A

its a thick band of nerve fibers located in the brain that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
- it functions to facilitate communication between the two halves of the brain

48
Q

what’s the connection between the pituitary and hypothalamus?

A

the hypothalamus regulates the pituitary by producing hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone release which controls various bodily functions

49
Q

what are the different brain waves? 5

A
  1. Delta (slowest) (during deep sleep)
  2. theta (light sleep)(relaxation)(creativity)
  3. Alpha ( calm relaxed state)
  4. Beta (active thinking)(problem-solving)(focus)
  5. Gamma (fastest) (high level cognitive function)
50
Q

what happens if the phrenic nerve is damaged?

A

it can lead to difficulties in breathing because it controls the diaphragm.
- shortness of breath
- shallow breathing
- respiratory failure
- diaphragmatic paralysis

51
Q

Which of the following is a description of theprinciple of autonomic antagonismas it relates to the autonomic nervous system?

A

If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it.

52
Q

what are the parts of the vertebral column? 5

A
  1. cervical c1-c7
  2. thoracic t1-t12
  3. lumbar l1-l5
  4. sacral s1-s5
  5. coccygeal
53
Q

what are the plexus? 4

A
  1. cervical (breathing)
  2. brachial (control movement/sensation)
  3. lumbar (supplies nerves to lower abdomen
  4. sacralinnervates buttocks
54
Q
A

Human Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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