example 9 Flashcards
ch 20, 21, 22
what’s cerebrospinal fluid?
cushion of fluid around and within the organs which prevents the brain and spinal cord from injury
how is cerebrospinal fluid drained?
through a lumbar puncture also known as a spinal tap
What’s the process of a lumbar puncture? 3
- a patient is usually positioned lying on their side with their knees and chest drawn together
- thin needle is inserted into lumbar region of spine, specifically between vertebrae in the lower back
L-3 L-4, or L-4 L-5 - CSF flows through needle and is collected in sterile containers
If a child is frightened by a dog and his pupils change… which is responsible the sympathetic or parasympathetic
sympathetic
how many cranial nerves are there?
twelve
What are all of the cranial nerves? in order
- olfactory
- optic
- oculomotor
- trochlear
- trigeminal
- abducens
- facial
- vestibulocochlear
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
- accessory
- hypoglossal
olfactory number?
1 sensory
optic number?
2 sensory
oculomotor number?
3 motor
trochlear number?
4 motor
trigeminal number?
5 mixed
abducens number?
6 motor
facial number?
7 mixed
vestibulocochlear number?
8 sensory
glossopharyngeal number?
9 mixed
vagus number?
10 mixed
accessory number?
11 motor
hypoglossal number?
12 motor
what’s the olfactory nerve function?
sense of smell
what’s the optic nerve function?
vision
what’s the oculomotor function? 2
- eye movement
- proprioception (muscle sense)
what’s the trochlear function? 2
- eye movement
- proprioception
what’s the trigeminal function? 3
- propriception
- chewing movements
- sensations of head and face
what’s the abducens function? 2
- abduction of eye
- proprioception
what’s the facial function? 3
- taste
- secrete saliva and tears
- facial expressions
what’s the vestibulocochlear function? 2
balance
hearing
what’s the glossopharyngeal function? 2
- swallowing
- sensations of tongue
what’s the vagus function?
sensations and movements of organs
what’s the accessory function?
- movements of viscera, shoulder, and movements of head
- proprioception
what’s the hypoglossal function? 2
- tongue movements
- proprioception
What are the four main lobes of the brain?
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
what’s the function of the frontal lobe?
its responsible for higher cognitive functions such as:
- problem-solving
- planning
- emotions
- self-control
- and controlling behavior
also voluntary movement
what’s the function of the parietal lobe?
it processes sensory info from the body such as:
- touch
- temp.
- pain
- proprioception
also navigation
what’s the function of the temporal lobe?
- processing auditory info
- memory
- language comprehension
also emotional responses
what’s the function of the occipital lobe?
- visual processing
what are the parts of the brain? 6
- spinal cord
- brainstem
- reticular formation
- cerebellum
- diencephalon
- cerebrum
what’s the spinal cord function?
conduction of nerve impulses
function of brain stem?
integration of basic vital functions
function of reticular formation?
operates the reticular activating system which regulates state of consciousness
function of cerebellum?
- coordinates planning and control of skilled movements
-posture - balance
function of thalamus?
- emotional response
- ## arousal
function of hypothalamus?
- arousal
- appetite
- thermoregulation
function of pineal gland?
produces melatonin
function of cerebrum?
processes sensory and motor information
what kind of nerves are the spinal and cranial nerves?
peripheral nerves
what’s the biological clock?
(also known as circadian rhythm)
its an internal mechanism that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It operates of a 24 hour schedule and responds to cues like light and darkness
the pineal gland is involved
what’s the corpus callosum?
its a thick band of nerve fibers located in the brain that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
- it functions to facilitate communication between the two halves of the brain
what’s the connection between the pituitary and hypothalamus?
the hypothalamus regulates the pituitary by producing hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone release which controls various bodily functions
what are the different brain waves? 5
- Delta (slowest) (during deep sleep)
- theta (light sleep)(relaxation)(creativity)
- Alpha ( calm relaxed state)
- Beta (active thinking)(problem-solving)(focus)
- Gamma (fastest) (high level cognitive function)
what happens if the phrenic nerve is damaged?
it can lead to difficulties in breathing because it controls the diaphragm.
- shortness of breath
- shallow breathing
- respiratory failure
- diaphragmatic paralysis
Which of the following is a description of theprinciple of autonomic antagonismas it relates to the autonomic nervous system?
If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it.
what are the parts of the vertebral column? 5
- cervical c1-c7
- thoracic t1-t12
- lumbar l1-l5
- sacral s1-s5
- coccygeal
what are the plexus? 4
- cervical (breathing)
- brachial (control movement/sensation)
- lumbar (supplies nerves to lower abdomen
- sacralinnervates buttocks
