exam 6 Flashcards
appendicular and axial muscles
A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. It’s function or action it to bend the knee. when it contracts it is acting as the:
prime mover
what are the alternate names for a skeletal muscle cell?
muscle fiber
how is the muscle arranged?
- at the largest level you have the muscle itself which is made up of fascicles
- each fascicle is made up of muscle fibers
- Inside each muscle fiber there is a myofibril
- Myofibrils are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres
what’s the connective tissue associated with a muscle? 3
- endomysium
- perimysium
- epimysium
what’s the order of the connective tissues associated with the muscle?
- Endomysium: surround each individual muscle fiber
- Perimysium: surrounds eash fascicle
- Epimysium: encases the entire muscle
what is a prime mover?
its a muscle that performs a specific movement
what is an agonist?
its applied to any prime mover muscle and it directly contributes to the same action as the prime mover
(works together)
what is an antagonist?
it directly opposes agonists, they’re relaxed while prime mover is contracting
(works against each other)
what are synergists?
they contract at the same time as the prime mover which helps the production of a more effective movement
what are fixator muscles?
they function as joint stabilizers, they help maintain posture or balance during a contraction
what are the muscles that move the shoulder? 5
- deltoid
- rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- trapezius
what are the muscles that move the upper arm? 5
- biceps brachii
- triceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
- deltiod
what muscles move the forearm? 5
- biceps brachii
- brachioradialis
- triceps brachii
- pronator teres and pronator quadres
- supinator
what muscles move the hand? 4
- flexor muscles (carpi radialis, flexor Carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus)
- extensor muscles
(extensor Carpi radialis Longus, extensor Carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris)
3.intrinsic hand muscles - thenar and hypothenar muscles
what muscles move the thigh and leg? 6
- quadriceps
- adductors
- hamstrings
- gluteal muscles
- gastrocnemius and soleus
- iliopsoas
what muscles move the foot? 6
- tibialis anterior
- gastrocnemius and soleus
- peroneus Longus and brevis
- tibialis posterior
- flexor hallucis Longus and flexor digitorium longus
- extensor hallucis Longus and extensor digitorium longus
what muscles move the torso? 6
- rectus abdominus
- external and internal oblique
- transverse abdominis
- erector spinae
- pectoralis major and minor
- latissimus dorsi
what muscles move the facial expressions? 7
- frontalis
- orbicularis oculi
- zygomaticus major and minor
- orbicularis oris
- buccinator
- platysma
- depressor anguli oris
what muscles are used for chewing? 4
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
what muscles are used to move the neck?4
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
- scalenes
- levator scapulae
what muscles are used to move the spine? 5
- erector spinae
- rectus abdominus
- obliques
- multifidus
- quadratus lumborum
function of biceps:
- help flex elbow
- shoulder flexion
function of pectoralis:
- shoulder felxion
- shoulder adduction
- shoulder medial rotation
- stabilizaqtiom
function of latissimus dorsi:
same as pectoralis
function of pronator:
- forearm pronation
- stabilization of radius and ulna
function of supinator:
- rotate arm so that palm faces upward or forward
function of quadriceps:
- knee extension
- stabilization of knee
- hip flexion
function of hamstrings:
- knee felxion
- hip extension
- stabilzation
function of frontalis:
raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
function of orbicularis oculi:
closes eyelids
function of zygomaticus major and minor:
lift corners of mouth upwards as in smiling
function of orbicularis oris:
encircles mouth and closes and puckers the lips
function of buccinator:
compresses the cheek helping in actions like blowing and chewing
functions of platysma:
tenses the skin of the neck and can help lower the jaw
functions of depressor anguli oris:
pulls corners of mouth downward as in frowning
function of adductors
- brings legs together
- stabiliization of pelvis
- assists hip flexion and extension
function of gluteal muscles:
- hip extension
- hip abduction
- hip rotation
function of obliques:
- trunk rotation
- stabilization of core
- lateral flexion bending sideways
function of masseter
- helps us chewfun
function of temporalis
assists in chewing
function of sternocleidomastoid:
- neck flexion bending neck forward
- neck rotation
- bending neck to the side
function of trapezius:
- shoulder movement
- neck support
- posture maintainence
rectus abdominis:
- trunk flexion
- stabilization
- posture support
what are the shapes of the muscles? 6
- parallel
- convergent
- pennate
- fusiform
- spiral
- circular
what are the muscles of the posterior shoulder girdle? 4
- levator scapula
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
- trapezius
what’s the functional difference of origin and insertion?
the origin doesn’t move when the muscle contracts while the insertion does.
