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Human Anatomy and Physiology > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

tissue types

1
Q

what is the epithelium?

A

epithelial tissue

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2
Q

what two types does the epithelial tissue divide into?

A
  • membraneous
  • glandular
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3
Q

what’s the function of membraneous epithelium tissue?

A

it covers the body and lines the serious cavities(pleura, peritoneum),
blood and lymphatic vessels
respiratory and digestive tracts

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4
Q

what’s the function of the glandular epithelium tissue?

A

form secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glands

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5
Q

what’s are the 5 functions of epithelium?

A
  • protection(most important)
  • sensory functions
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • execretion
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6
Q

since epithelium has limited amount of matrix(fluid around cells) what do the spaces in between have?

A

interstitial fluid

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7
Q

does epithelium renew itself and continuously produce new cells of different types?

A

yes

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8
Q

what are the four cell shapes of the membraneous epithelium?

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and psuedostratified columnar

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9
Q

what does the squamous shape look like?

A

flat like a plate

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10
Q

what does the cuboidal shape look like?

A

cube-shaped and has more cytoplasm than squamous

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11
Q

what’s the columnar shape look like?

A

narrow and cylindrical

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12
Q

what does the psuedostratified columnar shape look like?

A

1 layer of oddly shaped cells

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13
Q

what is simple epithelium?

A

one layer

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14
Q

what is stratified spithelium?

A

layered with multiple

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15
Q

what is endothelium?

A

blood and lymphatic blood vessel lining

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16
Q

can glandular epithelium function as unicellular or multicellular?

A

both

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17
Q

what are exocrine glands?

A

they discharge secretion products into ducts

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18
Q

what’s an example of an exocrine gland?

A

salivary glands

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19
Q

what are endocrine glands?

A

discharge secretion(hormones) directly into blood or interstitial fluid

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20
Q

what’s an example of endocrine glands?

A

pituitary thyroid

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21
Q

what two shapes do exocrine glands have?

A
  • tubular
  • alveolar
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22
Q

how many ducts does a simple gland have?

A

one

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23
Q

how many ducts does a compound gland have?

A

two of more

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24
Q

what are the different methods that exocrine glands discharge secretion? (3)

A
  • apocrine
  • holocrine
  • merocrine
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25
Q

what is the apocrine glands discharge method?

A

apocrine glands collect secretions from the tip face of the cell and release them into a duct by pinching a vesicle. They lose cytoplasm and have damage

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26
Q

example of apocrine glands method:

A

mammary glands that produce milk

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27
Q

what’s the holocrine discharge method?

A

holocrine glands collect secretions inside the cell and rupture completely and release it ( self-destruct)

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28
Q

example of holocrine gland method?

A

sebaceous gland producing oil to lubricate skin

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29
Q

what is the merocrine gland method?

A

merocrine glands discharge secretions through the cell or plasma membrane. there is no injury and no loss of cytoplasm

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30
Q

example of merocrine glands method:

A

salivary glands

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31
Q

which of the four main tissues is the most widespread and exists in many varied forms?

A

connective tissues

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32
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue? (6)

A
  • connects tissues together
  • connects muscle to muscle
  • muscle to bone
  • bone to bone
  • supporting framework for body
  • defends against invaders
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33
Q

what are the major types of connective tissue? (4)

A
  • fibrous
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • blood
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34
Q

What types of fibrous connective tissue are there?

A
  • loose
    -adipose
  • reitcular
  • dense
35
Q

whats the function of loose fibrous connective tissue?

A

connection ( like a glue that allows movement)

36
Q

what’s the function of adipose tissue? (6)

A
  • protection
  • insulation
  • support
  • energy reserves
  • heat production
  • regulation of other tissues
37
Q

where can you find adipose tissue?

A

under the skin

38
Q

what’s the function of reticular tissue? (4)

A
  • support
  • filtration
  • blood production
  • immunity
39
Q

where can you find reticular tissues?

A
  • inner framework of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
40
Q

whats the function of irregular dense fibrous tissue?

A

connection and support

41
Q

where can you find irregular dense fibrous tissue? (2)

A
  • dermis
  • scars
42
Q

what’s the function on regular dense collagenous tissue?

A

flexible but strong connection

43
Q

where can you find dense regular collagenous tissue? (2)

A
  • tendons
  • ligament
44
Q

whats the function of dense elastic regular fibrous tissue?

A

flexibility

45
Q

where can you find dense elastic regular fibrous tissue?

A

walls of some arteries

46
Q

what types of bone connective tissue are there?

A

compact and cancellous

47
Q

what is compact bone and where is it located?

A

hard shell of a bone in the outer shell of the bones

48
Q

what’s the function of the compact bone? (3)

A
  • support
  • protection
    -calcium reservoir
49
Q

what and where is the cancellous bone tissue?

A

it is inside of the bones and it is spongey

50
Q

what are the functions of cancellous bone tissue? (2)

A
  • support
  • provides framework for blood production
51
Q

how is cartilage different from all the other tissues?

A

it only has one cell type, the chondrocyte

52
Q

what types of cartilage are included in cartilage tissue? (3)

A
  • hyaline
  • fibrocartilage
  • elastic cartilage
53
Q

what’s the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

firm and flexible support

54
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found? (3)

A
  • part of nasal septum
  • larynx
  • rings in trachea and bronchi
55
Q

what’s the strongest and most durable cartilage tissue?

A

fibrocartilage

56
Q

what’s the function of fibrocartilage?

A

durable connection between bones

57
Q

where can fibrocartilage be found?

A
  • disks between vertebrae
58
Q

what’s the function of elastic cartilage tissue?

A

flexible support

59
Q

where can elastic cartilage tissue be found?

A

external ear

60
Q

what is blood tissue divided into?

A

plasma and formed elements

61
Q

what’s are the three blood cell types?

A

red(erythrocytes), white (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)

62
Q

what and where is blood tissue found?

A

its found in blood vessels and Is used for transportation and protection

63
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  • skeletal
  • smooth
  • cardiac
64
Q

what is skeletal muscle?

A

makes up most of muscles attached to bones

65
Q

what is smooth muscle?

A

found in the walls of hollow organs

66
Q

what’s an example of hollow organs in smooth muscle? 3

A

stomach, intestines, blood vessels

67
Q

what is cardiac muscle?

A

makes up the walls of the heart

68
Q

what are the basic functions of nervous tissue?

A

regulates and integrates the activities of the different parts of the body

69
Q

what are the organs of the nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

70
Q

what are neurons?

A

conducting units of the nervous system

71
Q

what are neuroglia?

A

connect, support, and regulate functions of neurons

72
Q

what’s the axon?

A

transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body

73
Q

what are dendrites?

A

carry nerve signals toward the axon

74
Q

where are skeletal muscles located?

A

muscles attached to bone

75
Q

what are the functions of skeletal muscles?

A

movement

76
Q

examples of skeletal muscle: 2

A
  1. muscle attached to bones - movement of bones
  2. extrinsic eyeball muscles - eye movements
77
Q

what is the location of smooth muscles?

A

walls of hollow organs, ducts of glands, walls of blood vessels, and intrinsic eye muscles

78
Q

what is the function of smooth muscles?

A

movement and change in diameter

79
Q

examples of smooth muscle: 2

A
  1. walls of hollow organs - movement of substances along ducts
  2. Intrinsic eye muscles - changes diameter of pupils and shape of lens
80
Q

where is cardiac muscle located?

A

wall of the heart

81
Q

what’s the cardiac muscles function?

A

contraction of the heart

82
Q

what’s the location of nervous tissue?

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

83
Q

what’s the function of nervous tissue?

A

excitability and conduction

Human Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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