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Human Anatomy and Physiology > exam 5 > Flashcards

exam 5 Flashcards

chapter 13/14

1
Q

what are the three categories of joints?

A
  • synarthroses
  • diarthroses
  • ampiarthroses
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2
Q

what are the types of joints? 3

A

-fibrous
- cartilagenous
- synovial

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3
Q

which joint allows little to no movement?

A

fibrous

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4
Q

which joint allows some movement?

A

cartilagenous

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5
Q

which joint allows free movement?

A

synovial

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6
Q

what are the types of synovial joints? 6

A
  • hinge joint
  • pivot joint
  • condyloid
  • saddle
  • ball-and-socket
  • gliding
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7
Q

example of hinge joint:

A

elbow joint

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8
Q

example of pivot joint:

A

atlantoaxial joint in neck

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9
Q

example of condyloid join:

A

wrist joint

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10
Q

example of saddle joint:

A

carpometacarpal joint in thumb

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11
Q

example of ball- and-socket joint:

A

shoulder joint

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12
Q

example of gliding joint:

A

between vertebrae

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13
Q

what are some conditions of the intervertebral disc?

A
  • slipped(herniated disc)
  • intervertebral degenerative disease
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14
Q

what is a herniated disc?

A

where a disc is forced through a weak part of the spine

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15
Q

what is intervertebral degenerative disease?

A

break down of one or more discs that separate the bones of the spine

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16
Q

order of upper extremity proximal to distal: 8

A
  1. clavicle
  2. scapula
  3. humerus
  4. radius
  5. ulna
  6. carpal bones
  7. metacarpal bones
  8. phalanges
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17
Q

order of upper extremity distal to proximal: 8

A
  1. phalanges
  2. metacarpal bones
  3. carpal bones
  4. ulna
  5. radius
  6. humerus
  7. scapula
  8. clavicle
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18
Q

order of lower extremity proximal to distal: 9

A
  1. hip bone (coxal)
  2. illium
  3. femur (thigh)
  4. patella (kneecap)
  5. tibia
  6. fibula
  7. tarsal bones
  8. metatarsal bones
  9. phalanges
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19
Q

order of lower extremity distal to proximal: 9

A
  1. phalanges
  2. metatarsal bones
  3. tarsal bones
  4. fibula
  5. tibia
  6. patella
  7. femur
  8. ilium
  9. hip bone (coxal)
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20
Q

position of a goniometer in flexion:

A

typically when the joint is bent

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21
Q

position of goniometer in neutral:

A

straight

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22
Q

position of goniometer in extension

A

joint should be in a straightened position

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23
Q

what are the types of range of motion? 9

A
  1. passive
  2. active-assisted
  3. active
  4. flexion
  5. extension
  6. rotation
  7. supination
  8. abduction
  9. adduction
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24
Q

how would the body present itself during passive range of motion?

A

the body would be in a relaxed state

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25
Q

how would the body present itself in active assisted ROM?

A

person uses their muscles to move the joint while someone or something provides support to achieve a wider ROM

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26
Q

how would the body present itself in active range of motion?

A

body presents itself by actively moving a joint through range of motion

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27
Q

how would the body present itself during flexion ROM?

A

body presents itself where the joint is bent

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28
Q

how would the body present itself during extension ROM?

A

body presents itself where the joint is being straightened

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29
Q

how would the body present itself in rotation ROM?

A

body presents itself by actively twisting or turning a joint around its axis

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30
Q

how would the body present itself during supination?

A

forearm or foot that turns the palm or sole upward or forward

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31
Q

how would the body present itself during abduction?

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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32
Q

what makes up the hand? 3

A
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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33
Q

what makes up the wrist?

A

carpals of eight small bones in the wrist

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34
Q

what makes up the middle of the hand?

A

5 metacarpals

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35
Q

what makes up the fingers?

A

phalanges(bones) each have three phalanges except for the thumb)

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36
Q

what makes up the foot? 3

A

-tarsals
- metatarsals
- phalanges

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37
Q

what makes up the ankle and rear part of the foot?

A

seven tarsals

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38
Q

what makes up the middle part of the foot?

A

5 metatarsals

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39
Q

what makes up the toes?

A

phalanges (each have three phalanges except for the big toe)

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40
Q

where is the rotator cuff located?

A

it sits between your humerus and upper part of your shoulder blade (shoulder)

41
Q

why would surgery be done on a rotator cuff?

A

if it has an injury such as a tear, if your experiencing pain

42
Q

what kind of sports athlete would be at risk for injuring their rotator cuff?

A

baseball pitchers/ players

43
Q

what are synchondroses?

A

they are a type of cartilagenous joint where the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage

44
Q

where can you find synchondroses?

A

where flexibility is needed during growth and development

45
Q

what’s an example of synchondroses? 2

A
  • growth plate of long bones in children
  • joint between the first rib and the sternum
46
Q

what’s the largest joint in the body?

A

the knee

47
Q

what’s the most frequently injured joint in the body?

A

the knee

48
Q

what are the categories of bones? 4

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
49
Q

what are long bones?

A

longer than they are wide and are involved in movement and support

50
Q

examples of long bones: 2

A
  • femur
  • humerus
51
Q

what are short bones?

A

roughly cube shaped and provide stability and support through movement

52
Q

example of short bones: 2

A
  • carpals in wrist
  • tarsals in ankle
53
Q

what are flat bones?

A

thin and flat and provide protection to internal organs and a surface for muscle attachment

54
Q

example of flat bones: 3

A
  • skull
  • ribs
  • sternum
55
Q

what are irregular bones?

A

complex shapes that don’t fit into other categories

56
Q

example of irregular bones: 2

A
  • vertebrae
  • certain facial bones
57
Q

what’s the longest and heaviest bone?

A

femur or thigh bone

58
Q

what is inversion?

A

movements of the foot that occur at the ankle joint and is where the sole of the foot turns inward, towards the midline of the body

59
Q

what is eversion?

A

movement of the foot that occurs at the ankle joint and is where the sole of the foot turns outward away from the midline

60
Q

what is flexion?

A

movement that occurs at joints and is the bending movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

61
Q

what is extension?

A

movement that occurs at joints and is the straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

62
Q

what is abduction?

A

movement that occurs at joints and is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

63
Q

what is adduction?

A

movement that occurs at joints and is movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

64
Q

what are the carpal bones? acronym

A

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

65
Q

carpals bones acronym? 8

A
  1. scaphoid
  2. lunate
  3. triquetrum
  4. pisiform
  5. trapezium
  6. trapezoid
  7. capitate
    8 hamate
66
Q

what are the tarsal bones? acronym

A

Tiger cubs need MILC

67
Q

tarsal bones 7?

A
  1. talus
  2. calcaneus (heel)
  3. navicular
  4. medial cuneiform
  5. intermediate cuneiform
  6. lateral cuneiform
  7. cuboid
68
Q

which bones have a head? 5

A
  1. humerus
  2. femur
  3. radius
  4. metacarpals
  5. metatarsals
69
Q

what is a head?

A

rounded ball like structure at the end of a bone that fits into a socket allowing wide range of motion

70
Q

which bones have a trochlea? 2

A
  1. humerus
  2. femur
71
Q

what is a trochlea?

A

spool shaped structure that allows movement in a specific direction

72
Q

which bones have condyles? 4

A
  1. femur
  2. humerus
  3. occipital bone
  4. tibia
73
Q

what’s a condylle?

A

at the end of a bone and forms a joint with another bone

74
Q

bones with epicondyles? 3

A
  1. humerus
  2. femur
  3. tibia
75
Q

what’s an epicondyles?

A

projection above condyle thaat provides attachment points for ligaments and tendons

76
Q

which bones have fossa? 4

A
  1. scapula
  2. humerus
  3. femur
  4. cranial bones
77
Q

what is fossa?

A

shallow depression or hollow area

78
Q

which bones have process? 4

A
  1. scapula
  2. vertebrae
  3. humerus
  4. tibia
79
Q

what is process?

A

bony projection or outgrowth that serves as an attachment points for muscles or ligaments

80
Q

what are gomphoses?

A

type of fibrous joint that specifically refers
to the teeth and bony sockets in the jaw

81
Q

what are the main ligaments of the hip? 4

A
  1. iliofemoral ligament
  2. pubofemoral
  3. ligamentum
  4. ligamentum teres
82
Q

what are the main ligaments of the knee?? 4.

A
  1. anterior cruciate
  2. posterior cruciate
  3. medial collateral
  4. lateral collateral
83
Q

what are the main ligaments of the shoulder? 4

A
  1. glenohumeral
  2. coracohumeral
  3. coracoacromial
  4. transverse humeral
84
Q

what are the uniaxial joints?

A

hinge and pivot joints

85
Q

example of hinge joint:

A

elbow joint

86
Q

example of pivot joint:

A

atlantoaxial joint in neck

87
Q

what are the biaxial joints?

A

saddle and condyloid joints

88
Q

saddle joint example:

A

carpometacarpal joint of thumb

89
Q

condyloid joints example:

A

wrist joint

90
Q

what are the multiaxial joints?

A

ball-and-socket joint and gliding joint

91
Q

example of ball-and-socket joint:

A

shoulder joint

92
Q

example of gliding joint:

A

between vertebrae

93
Q

what are the parts of a synovial joint? 7

A
  1. joint capsule
  2. synovial membrane
  3. articular cartilage
  4. joint cavity
  5. menisci
  6. ligaments
  7. bursae
94
Q

what’s the joint capsule?

A

surround the joint and provides stability

95
Q

what’s the articular cartilage?

A

smooth tissue that covers the ends of the bones at the joint which reduces friction

96
Q

what’s the menisci?

A

crescent shape cartilage structures that provide additional cushioning and stability with certain joints

97
Q

what is the ligaments?

A

strong bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones

98
Q
A

Human Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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