exam review 3

Question 1

what is the endoderm?

Answer 1

innermost primary germ layers it conducts the digestive and respiratory tubes

Question 1

what are the three primary germ layers?

Answer 1

1. Endoderm
2. mesoderm
3. ectoderm

Question 2

what are some examples of endoderm? 6

Answer 2

• nasal cavity
• facial bones
• lens and cornea of the eye
• tooth enamel
• pituitary gland
• brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what is the mesoderm?

Answer 3

middle primary germ layer

Question 4

examples of mesoderm: 5

Answer 4

• circulatory system
• kidneys
• muscle
• many glands
• bones

Question 5

what is the ectoderm?

Answer 5

outermost primary germ layer

Question 6

what are some examples of ectoderm? 4

Answer 6

• tonsils
• thymus gland
• thyroid gland
• lining of lungs

Question 7

what’s the process of fingernail growth?

Answer 7

1. cells divide in the matrix
2. cells are pushed forward by constant reproduction
3. cells undergo hardening where keratin is added
4. nail pushes forward

Question 8

which tissue has goblet cells?

Answer 8

goblet cells are commonly found in the epithelial tissue of the respiratory and digestive systems

Question 9

which tissue has cilia for movement, microvilli for increased surface area and goblet cells for mucus secretion?

Answer 9

epithelial tissue

Question 10

what tissue have specific modifications like osteocytes on bones and lack of nucleus in RBCs?

Answer 10

connective tissue

Question 11

which tissue have dendritic spines for increased synaptic connections?

Answer 11

nervous tissue

Question 12

what are the types of skin glands?

Answer 12

sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands

Question 13

what do sebaceous glands do?

Answer 13

they secrete oil to lubricate the skin and hair

Question 14

what do eccrine glands do?

Answer 14

produce sweat for temperature regulation

Question 15

what do apocrine glands do?

Answer 15

produce sweat that are found in areas like the armpits and groin

Question 16

what are the two most important cells in the integumentary system?

Answer 16

melanocytes and keratinocytes

Question 17

what are melanocytes responsible for>

Answer 17

they produce melanin which is the pigment that give our skin its color and helps protect it from UV rays

Question 18

what are keratinocytes responsible for?

Answer 18

they produce the protein keratin which provides strength and waterproofing to the skin

Question 19

what is a first degree burn?

Answer 19

they only affect the outer layer of the skin

Question 20

what’s a second degree burn?

Answer 20

they affect both the outer layer of skin and the layer underneath which can result in blistering, swelling, and pain

Question 21

what’s a third degree burn?

Answer 21

they damage all the layers of skin and can affect deeper tissues which can lead to numbness and life threatening conditions

Question 22

wheres the body’s temperature control center?

Answer 22

hypothalumus

Question 23

which sweat gland is the most important?

Answer 23

the eccrine because it plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature through sweat

Question 24

which sweat gland is the most widespread?

Answer 24

the eccrine

Question 25

which sweat gland is the most numerous?

Answer 25

the eccrine

Question 26

what are some characteristics of the papillary layer in the dermis?

Answer 26

it has dermal papillae that help bind skin layers together and provide support, it also has sensory receptors that contribute to sense of touch

Question 27

how does a heat stroke differ from heat exhaustion?

Answer 27

a heat stroke is when the body’s temperature regulation fails while heat exhaustion occurs after high temperatures and inadequate intake of fluid

Question 28

what are the formed elements of blood?

Answer 28

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 29

what are the unformed elements of blood?

Answer 29

plasma

Question 30

where can serous membranes be found? 3

Answer 30

1. pleura (lining of lungs)
2. pericardium (covering of heart)
3. peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavities)

Question 31

what is inflammation of the pleura?

Answer 31

it is called pleurisy and it can cause chest pain when breathing or coughing

Question 32

what is inflammation of the pericardium?

Answer 32

pericarditis and it can cause chest pain that worsens when lying down or taking deep breaths

Question 33

what is inflammation of the peritoneum?

Answer 33

peritonitis and it can cause bloating, fever, and nausea

Question 34

whats the importance of dendritic cells?

Answer 34

they capture invaders like bacteria or viruses and present them to other immune cells which triggers a response to fight off the intruders

Question 35

what are all of the epithelial tissues? 8

Answer 35

1. simple squamous
2. stratified squamous
3. transitional
4. simple columnar
5. psuedostratified columnar
6. simple cuboidal
7. stratified cuboidal
8. glands

Question 36

what are some general location of simple squamous tissues? 2

Answer 36

1. endothelium
2. alveoli

Question 37

what are the general locations of stratified squamous tissues? 2

Answer 37

1. surface of mucous membrane lining the mouth and vagina
2. surface of the skin

Question 38

what are the general locations of transitional tissues?

Answer 38

surface of the mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder and ureters

Question 39

what are the general locations of simple columnar tissues?

Answer 39

surface of the mucous lining of the stomach, intestines, and part of the respiratory tract

Question 40

what’s the general locations of psuedostratified columnar tissue?

Answer 40

surface of mucous membrane lining the bronchi, trachea, and ducts of some glands

Question 41

what’s the general locations of simple cuboidal tissues?

Answer 41

ducts of many organs including the exocrine glands and kidneys

Question 42

what’s the general locations of the stratified cuboidal tissue?

Answer 42

ducts of the sweat and mammary glands

Question 43

what’s the general locations of glandular tissues?

Answer 43

glands