exam3- lecture 2 Flashcards
benign lesion composed of normal compact bone
torus
the appearance of the face
facies
where do malignant vascular tumors occur and who do they occur in?
hard palate and gingiva are most common sites.
presents as multiple purplish tumors of the lower extremes in older men
associated with HIV
multiple melanotic macular pigmentations of skin and mucosa which are associated with GI polyposis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
this is a sunburst pattern radiographically, usually destructive and chemo or surgery
osteosarcoma
This is characterized by teeth with normal crowns and abnormal roots, total or partial lack of pulp pradiographically, root canals are short and blunted, premature exfolitation, periapical cycts can be associated with teeth
Type I, radicular dentin dysplasia
what is another name for neurilemmoma?
schwannoma
small nodules excrescences of normal compact bone occuring on buccal surface of max or mand molar region
exostosis
with this abnormalities the facies have slanted eyes, usually shorter, heart abnormalities present in 30%, fissured tongue and premature loss of teeth are common due to increase in gingival and periodontal disease about 90%
trisomy 21
this is a decrease in serum alkaline phosphate levels with increased urinary and plasma levels of phosphoethanolamine
hypophosphatasia
systemic, malignant proliferation of plasma cells causing destructive lesions of bone that affects men more and older than 40 yrs old
multiple myeloma
this is a defective closure of the bone encasement of the spinal corde
spina bifida occulta
what are the systemic and oral manifestations of cyclic neutropenia?
systemic: fever, malaise, sore throat
oral: ulcerative gingivitis or gingivostomatitis
this is a cyclic decrease in the number of circulating neutrophilic leukocytes, and leads to severe perio disease, loss of alveolar bone, mobility and loss of teeth
cyclic neutropenia
this is a blueprint of the genetic DNS for coding of proteins
Messenger RNA
cranium develops in a mush room shape because the fontanelles remain open which makes face appear smaller, skull radiographs reveal open fontanelle, paranasal sinues are lacking
cleidocranial dysplasia
a pair of chromosomes with an identical extra chromosome
trisomy
science that studied inheritance and expression of inherited traits
genetics
benign tumor of striated muscle
rhabdomyoma
a malignant tumor of cartliage
chondrosarcoma
permanent teeth present with normal crown formation and color, radiographically single rooted teeth pulp chambers are thistle shaped and molars have pulp chambers bow tie shaped
type II coronal dentin dysplaisa
a malignant tumor of melanocytes associated with sunlight exposure that is an aggressive tumor
malignant melanoma
over production of WBC
leukemia
what is blue sclerae and what is it ossociated with?
blue appearance of whites of eyes..osteogensis imperfecta
benign tumor composed of lymphatic vessels, most common in tongue. treat with surgical excision
lymphangioma
hereditary units that are transmitted from one generation to another
genes
what are the four types of amelogensis imperfecta?
type I: Hypoplastics
type II: Hypoclacified
type III: Hypomaturation
type IV: hypoplastic-hypomaturation
component of several inherited syndromes, generally develops early in life and within a few years the teeth are completely covered, extensive gingival enlargement leads to protrustion of lips
gingival fibromatosis
this is more severe in its clinical manifestations.. what are they?
autosomal recessive
teeth are yellow to orange, enamel is very soft and rapidly lost, leaving exposed dentin..
moth eaten appearance
cervical enamel is better calcified and remains on crown
associated with anterior open bite
where does complex odontoma occur?
posterior mandible
malignant tumor of striated muscle and most common malignant soft tissue tumor of the head neck in children
rhabdmysarcoma
a cystic lymphangioma in the neck
cystic hygroma
this abnormality has a female phenotype (make up and looks).. short stature, webbing of neck, edema of hands and feet, low hairline, chest is broad with wide spaced nipples, aorta is abnormal, sparse body hair and ovaries not developed
turners syndrome
benign tumor composed of large cells with granular cytoplasm.. occurs on tongue as a painless nonulcerated module and to be excised
granular cell tumor
tumor of smooth muscle that is very rare
leiomymomas
this is multiple abnormalities in various organs where 70% of infants die within the 1st 7 months of life
trisomy 13
multiple sites composed of spindle shaped cells mixed with slit spaces containing RBC
malignant vascular tumors
this is characterized by enamel of normal thickness and poorly calcified, two types (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive)
type II: Hypocalcified
this is a collection of numerous small teeth
compound odontoma
entire physical, biochemical, and psychologic make up of a person
phenotype
This transfers amino acids in the proper sequence to form polypeptides and hence proteins
Transfer RNA
odontogenic tumor composed of mature enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp
odontoma
what are the two types of odontoma?
compound and complex
what is café au lauit and what is it associated with?
pigmentation of skin is present from the first decade of life in 90% of these patients, usually precede the development of neurofibromas
genetically XXY chromosomal pattern, male phenotype but not detected until after puberty, taller, wide hips, female pubic hair distribution, 50% gynecomastia, penis is normal but balls are small and hard with lack of sterile
Klinefelters syndrome
multiple capillary dilations of the skin and mucous membranes, skin of face has numerous spider like telangiectases of lips, eyelids and nose.. frequent sometimes serious nose bleeds (epistaxis)
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
patients present with bone pain and swelling, pathological fracture of bone can occur, involved bones show multiple RL lesions and mandible is more involved
multiple myeloma
this is a rapid enlarging bluish to black mass located on the palate and maxillary gingiva. treat with excision
malignant melanoma
this is found within the nucleus and is the precursor of messenger RNA
Heterogeneous RNA
this combines with several polypeptides to form ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
what are the four types of RNA?
messenger
transfer
ribosomal
heterogenous
permanent change in the arrangement of genetic material
mutation
this is a well demarcated sessile or pedunculated lesion oringinating from the interdental papillae, occurs and young females and treat with surgical excision
peripheral ossifying fibroma
what does trisomy 13 look like clinically?
bilateral cleft lip and palate
small eyes
no eyes
superficial hemangioma of forehead
growth retardation
mental retardation
polydactyly of hands and feet (supernumerary digits)
clenching of fist with thumb under finers
rocker bottom feet
heart malformations
external genital anomalies
most common primary malignant tumor of bone in patients less than 40 years… parasthesja of lip is common in mandibular tumors. RL to RO
osteosarcoma
a malignant vascular tumor
kaposis sarcoma
benign tumor composed of ceullar fibrous CT and bone, rare but usually occur in adults 30-40’s, well defined ranges from RL to RO
ossifying fibroma
an individual having idental genes
homozygote
this is known as hereditary opalscent dentin, teeth have bulbous crowns with color variations, primary teeth are more effected and the xray show no pulp canal or chamber
dentinogensis imperfecta type II
this occurs in females and the most severe form of ectodermal dysplasia
hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
a trait or characteristic hat is manifested when it is carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
dominant
maxillary tori
torus palatinus
neurofibromas occur in multiple neurofibromatosis syndrome called?
Von Recinghausen disease (numerous neurofibromas on skin)
how do you treat tumors of muscle?
combination of chemo and surgery
a granular cell tumor present at birth that presents a sessile or pedunculated mass on the gingiva in the anterior maxilla in girls. treat with excision
congenital epulis
characterized by its association with taurodontic teeth, thin enamel is yellow to brown pitted, radiodensitiy similar to dentin, single rooted teeth have large pulp chambers
type IV: Hypoplastic-hypomaturation
this leukemia is most common in children and young adults and is characterized by a proliferation of poorly differentiated cells
acute
this is aka neurofibromatosis, multiple neurofibromas appear as papules and growths of various sites, malignant transformations in 3-15% patients
von recklinghausens disease
where is the most common site for nerve tissue tumors and where do they derive from?
tongue and schwann cells
What are the gross chromosomal abnormalities?
trisomy 21, trisomy 13, turners syndrome and Klinefelters syndrome
what seven varities are associated with type I hypoplastic amelogensis imperfecta?
pitted, local, smooth, rough, and enamel agenesis..
pits occur on labial and buccal surfaces
small, peg shaped maxillary lateral incisors within 1-3% of population
peg lateral
clinically presents as a white, corrugated, soft, folding oral mucosa, buccal mucoasa affected is bilateral
white sponge nevus
calcifation of bone and cementum associated with hypophosphatasia
alkaline phosphatase
marked destruction of periodontal tissues (periodontoclasia) of both dentions with premature loss of teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (palmar and planter hyperkeratosis)..usually all permanent teeth are lost before age 14
Papillion-lefevere syndrome
how do you treat odontoma?
surgical excision
this has low serum levels of phosphorus, rickets, radiographically large pulp chambers with very long pulp horns, peg laterals and taurodontism
hypophosphatemic vitamin d resistant rickets
what are the major components of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?
hypodontia- partial anodontia
hypotrichosis- less than normal amnt of hair
hypohidrosis- abnormality diminshed secretion of sweat
born without lanugo- body hair at birth
die from hyperthermia- body temp greatly increased
no eyebrows or eyelashes, crowns are conical in shape
this is the most common odontogenic tumor occuring in the gingiva
peripheral ossifying fibroma
this occurs in 1 in 800 births, it is the most frequent syndrome
cleft lip/palate
what size are odontomas?
mostly small but can become large and cause displacement of teeth
with this, the neck is long and narrow bc of uni or bi lateral aplasia or hypoplasia of the clavicles, it allows pt. to approximate their shoulders to the midline because of this alteration..they have many supermumerary teeth
cleidocranial dysplasia
this is brittle bone disease, the defect involves collagen and results in abnormally formed bones that fracture easily.. multiple bone fractures are main clinical complication
osteogensis imperfecta
dwarfs because of distal shortening of extremeties, 1/3 of pt are retarded, hands show polydactyly, fingers and toenails are hypoplastic and deformed, 50% have congenital heart defects, teeth appear conical in shape
Chondroectodermal Dysplasia
what does osteogensis imperfect cause?
bowing of the legs, curvature of spine, deformity of skull and shorteing of arms and legs..
this is the presence of osteomas in various bones, especially the frontal bones, mandible and maxilla, facial asymmetry
gardners syndrome
malignant tumor of bone forming tissue, occurs in mandible two times more than maxilla and presents as diffuse swelling or mass or tooth mobility
osteosarcoma
this is characterized by tooth enamel that does not develop to a normal thickness because of failure of the amelobaslsts lay down enamel matric properly
type I: Hypoplastics
intraoral commonly located on hard palate, occurs in women 2x more than men and between ages of 20-50 yrs old and treat with surgical excision
melanocytic nevi
this is lateral curving of the spine plus a vertical curvature of spine
hunch back
kyphoscoliosis
kyphosis
mandibular tori
torus mandibularus
what are the two forms of leukemia?
acute and chronic
what are neurofibroma and schwannoma?
benign tumors derived from nerve tissue
how do you treat tumors of cartilage?
chemo and radiation are not effective. wide surgical excision is done but poor prognosis 30% 5 year survival rate
what are the oral manifestations associated with osteogensis imperfecta?
dentinogensis imperfecta, crowns, roots, pulps chambers are generally smaller than normal and appear opalscent or translucent
this is a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils
neutropenia
an individual with two different genes
hererozygote
this is known as down syndrome, and is the most frequent gross chromosomal abnormalitie
trisomy 21
benign tumor of cartilage
chondroma
this is a bifurcation of the ribs, spina bifida oculata, kyphoscolosis
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
progressive bilateral facial sweeling that appears between 1.5-4.5 years of age, ocular hypertelorism, soap bubble appearance on xray in ramus of mandible, bone leasions interfere with tooth development, facial deformity can remain for life
cherubism
how do you treat lymphoma
radiation chemo surgery or combo
this is a benign tumor of mature fat cells, yellowish mass surfaces with thin overlying epithelium and treat with surgical excision
lipoma
mass of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp that doesn’t resemble a normal tooth
complex odontoma
this leukemia exhibits a proliferation of well differentiated cells that occurs most frequently in middle aged adults
chronic
this is an exophytic lesion occurring only on the gingiva probably from cells of PDL..composed of cellular CT interspersed with scattered bone or cementum
Peripheral ossiyfing fibroma
this is agenesis of abnormal formation of cementum, premature exfoliation of primary teeth, improper formation of mature bone with bow legs and fractures
hypophosphatasia
transmitted vertically from one generation to the next
autosomal dominant inheritance
where is the most common location for oral lymphoma
tonsillar area
this is a common oral manifestation of monocytic that is diffuse gingival enlargement with persistent bleeding
leukemia
this is also called gorlins syndrome, consists of ball cell carcinomas of the skin over the nose, eyelids, cheeks, neck, arms, and trunk along with multiple adontogenic keratocysts
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
pigmented congenital lesion present at birth, a tumor of melanocytes
nevus
these are fragments of immunoglobulins present in the urine with multiple myeloma… which is localized tumor of plasma cells in soft tissue
hence jones proteins extramedullary plasmacytoma
normal bone marrow is replaced by a profileration of immature WBC
leukemia
where does compound odontoma occur?
anterior maxilla
this has multiple odontomas that can occur in the jaw bones, esp. the mandible, teeth can exhibit hypercementosis, presence of intestinal polyps which become malignant at age 30 and after
gardners syndrome
primary dentin characterized by translucent teeth with an amber color, radiographically is lack of pulp chambers and small root canals
type II coronal dentin dysplaisa
a benign tumor composed of nature, normal appearing bone, slow growing tumor, asymptotic and can cause expansion if involved bone. surgical excision
osteoma
set of signs or symptoms or both occuring together
syndrome
this is a malignant tumor of lympoid tissue, clinical presentation of lymphoma is the gradual enlargement of lymphnodes
lymphoma or non hodgkins
what is the most common type of amelogensis imperfecta?
pitted hypoplastic
bulls teeth, most frequent among native americans, normal crowns with short roots
taurodontism
how do you treat leukemia ?
chemo, radiation or corticosteroids. sometimes bone transplant
this is characterized by an enamel of mottled appearance but normal thickness, composed of large amounts of enamel matrix and therefore the enamel is softer than normal, enamel easily chips and snow capp typed on 1/3 of tooth
type III: Hypomaturation
group of inherited conditions affecting enamel of the teeth and having no associated systemic defects
amelogensis imperfecta
benign proliferation of capillary, common vascular lesion, present at both and tongue is most common intraoral lesion. treatment varies depending on size
hemangioma
what are the types of leukemia?
myleocytes, lymphocytes or monocytes
