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Oral Pathology > Exam 1 (lecture 2) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (lecture 2) Flashcards

1
Q

enlargement of tissue or organ due to an increase in the size of the cell, not number of cells

A

hypertrophy

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2
Q

this injury whereby there is loss of tissue and the edges of the injury cannot be joined during healing, increase scar tissue, extraction site and keloid formation (excessive scarring in skin)

A

healing by secondary intention

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3
Q

elevation of body temperature higher than 98.6 degrees F

A

fever

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4
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of nromal tissue function

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5
Q

within bone

A

central

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6
Q

what happens 2 weeks after injury?

A

tissue has full strength called scar tissue

paler in color at surface because of increased number of collagen fibers and decreased vascularity

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7
Q

These are also called PMN’s (polymorphonuclear leukocyte), 1st cell to emigrate and 1st primary cell involved in acute inflammation

A

Neutrophils

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8
Q

What happens 2 days after injury?

A

monocytes emigrate

fibroblasts increase in number and start producing new colleen fibers

the initial tissue formed in CT portion of the injury is called granulation tissue

at the end of the 2 days chronic inflammation and immune response begins

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9
Q

What are some benign conditions of an unknown cause?

A 
lingual thyroid nodule
fissured tongue
median rhomboid glossitis
geographic tongue
ectopic geographic tongue
hairy tongue
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10
Q

occurs similar to tissue with exception of osteoblasts

A

bone tissue repair

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11
Q

this is the escape of WBC from vessels of plasma fluids that enter tissue?

A

emigration

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12
Q

injestion and digestion of a foreign substance by cells (macrophages)

A

phagocytosis

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13
Q

this is the pathological wearing away of tooth structure that results from a repetitive mechanical habit (tooth brush), pulp exposure usually not present, presents as a notching of the root surface in areas of gingival recession, abrasive dentrifice(tooth paste) can cause this, pipe smokers, pen chewers

A

abrasion

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14
Q

60-70% of WBC population, main function, phagocytosis then dies

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

this healing of an injury in which there is little loss of tissue, surgical incision, edges are joined by sutures and less scar tissue

A

healing by primary intention

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16
Q

what is the ingestion of foreign body substances by WBC’s?

A

phagocytosis

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17
Q

what happens with a fistula?

A

a formation of a natural drainage passageway boring through tissue allowing drainage of exudated (buccal parulus)

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18
Q

what three things does inflammation do?

A

eliminates injurious agents
contains injuries
heal defects

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19
Q

The cause of this is unknown, supposedly associated with a vitamin deficiency or chronic trauma, appears as deep grooves in the dorsal of the tongue where debris can collect and be removed by brushing the tongue

A

fissured tongue

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of granulomatous inflammation?

A

distinctive form of chronic inflammation

formation of granulomas- microscopic groupings of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells (for ex, TB)

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21
Q

this is a thyroid tissue that has become entrapped in the tissues of the tongue, more common in females, and is located as a mass in midline of dorsal of the tongue in the area of the goramen caecum (located at the “v” of the circumvallate papillae)

A

lingual thyroid nodule

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphadenopathy?

A

enlargement of lymph nodes

will be able to palpate-enlarged mass in area of inflammation

production of lymphocytes in nodes- primary cells of immune system

hyperplasia (increase number of cells)
hypertrophy (increase of size of cells)

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23
Q

What is the normal range of WBC?

A

4-10,000 mm3

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24
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of bruxism?

A 
wear facets, 
abnormal rate of attrition, hypertrophy of masticatory muscles (masseter)
increase muscle tone 
muscle tenderness
muscle fatigue 
cheek biting
TMJ pain
mobility of teeth
sensitivity to cold
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25
Q

temporary increase in wbc’s circulating in the blood

A

leukocytosis

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26
Q

what happens seven days after injury?

A

fibrin is digested by tissue enzymes and sloughs off

initial repair is completed

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27
Q

This is an increase in WBC’s, a lab test is to determine the number of these

A

Leukocytosis

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28
Q

what type of management is used for bruxism?

A

biteguard or occlusal adjustment

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29
Q

movement of white blood cells to area of injury

A

chemotaxis

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30
Q

minimal and brief

A

acute

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31
Q

these become macrophages after emigration, 3-8% of WBC population, lysosomal enzymes to aide in destruction of foreign substances

A

monocytes

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32
Q

what are the causes of emigration?

A

increase blood flow causing increase pressure, opening of junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessel, increase mobility of WBC, chemical mediatores causing directional movement of WBC (chemotaxis)

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33
Q

these are large macrophages having multiple nuclei

A

multinucleated giant cells

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34
Q

this is the wearing away of tooth structure during mastication, both primary and permanent teeth, 1st sign is disappearance of mamelons and flattening of occlusal cusps, rare is dertermined by diet

A

attrition

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35
Q

short duration, arises quickly

A

acute

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36
Q

bone tissue repair interruption is due to:

A

removal of osteoblast- producing tissues

hemorrhage

increased movement of bone

infection

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37
Q

This system clots blood and helps with repair, platelets

A

Clotting mechanism

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38
Q

This system mediates inflammation by causing an increase dilation of blood vessels at the site of increase permeability of blood vessels by widening gaps between endothelial cells, early phase of inflammation

A

Kinin System

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39
Q

excess of blood in part of the body

A

hyperemia

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40
Q

nonspecific response to injury and occurs in the same manner regardless of nature of injury (can be local, systemic, acute, or chronic)

A

inflammation

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41
Q

abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cells

A

hyperplasia

42
Q

What are the systemic manifestations of inflammation?

A 
Fever
leukocytosis
lymphadenopathy 
granulomatous inflammation
multinucleated giant cells
43
Q

What are the steps of regeneration / repair?

A 
day of injury
one day after
2 days after 
7 days after 
2 weeks after
44
Q

What kind of injuries can occur to teeth?

A

Attrition

bruxism

abrasion

erosion

bulimia

anorexia nervosa

45
Q

What happens in the first event?

A

constriction of microcirculation then dilation (for example, cutting oneself)

46
Q

both inflammation and immune response

A

Eosinophil/mast cell

47
Q

these occur in both epithelium and connective tissue, repair usually is completed in 2 weeks

A

microscopic events

48
Q

These are also called macrophage, 2nd cell to emigrate

A

Monocyte

49
Q

macrophages, lyphocytes, and plasma cells become the prediminantes

A

chronic inflammation

50
Q

What are the characteristics of fever?

A

elevated by body temperature higher than 100 degrees fahrenheit

body temperature regulated by hypothalamic thermoregulatory center

pyrogens-fever producing substances and can cause fever with medication (acetaminophen)

51
Q

if an infection, how high can WBC count go?

A

10-30,000

52
Q

containing or forming pus

A

purulent

53
Q

this is the alteration in the environment causing tissue damage, can be physical, chemical, microorganisms, nutritional deficiencies

A

injury

54
Q

What happens one day after injury?

A

acute inflammation takes place (neutrophils)

55
Q

inflammatory fluid, serum like proteins and leukocytes(pus)

A

exudate

56
Q

what is the body’s response to an injury?

A

inflammation and repair

57
Q

what is incision and drainage (ID)?

A

mechanical way of draining exudate

58
Q

long duration, persists for a long time

A

chronic

59
Q

what are microscopic components?

A

small blood vessels, certain WBC’s, and chemical mediators

60
Q

located away from the center

A

peripheral

61
Q

this infection occurs at site of surgical incision that is healing by primary, and secondary intention may ensure.. waiting to perform surgical tissue repair until infection is resolved

A

healing by tertiary intention

62
Q

pathologic death of cells or portions of tissue

A

necrosis

63
Q

these are involved in chronic inflammation and immune response

A

Lymphocyte/plasma cell

64
Q

this is when the filliform papillae become elongated and appear white, yellow, black or brown.. possible causes of this are from tobacco, chemical rinses, alcohol, and some foods.. it can have systemic antibiotic therapy, corticosterioid therapy or radiation therapy.. or brush it gently

A

hairy tongue

65
Q

what is serous from exudate?

A

mainly plasma fluids/proteins (thin and clear)

66
Q

this is the body’s final defense mechanism in its attempt to restore injured tissue to its original state

A

repair

67
Q

this eating disorder of food binges followed by self induced vomiting, classic erosion pattern and normal body weight

A

bulimia

68
Q

continued inflammation and longer, could be weeks or months

A

chronic

69
Q

-suffix denoting inflammation for example, pulpitis, gingivitis

A

-itis

70
Q

This system is the production of sequential cascade of plasma proteins that are present in the blood activated form, release of histamine (mast cells)

A

Complement system

71
Q

this is the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action, usually on lingual/facial but can be occlusal/interproximal, usually involves more than one tooth, sucking lemons or excessive : chronic vomiting

A

erosion

72
Q

enlargement of lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

73
Q

having a fluid or watery consistency relates to serum

A

serous

74
Q

diffuse areas of desquamation of filiform papillae, erythematous patches with well defined border of white or yellow, no treatment and also called benign migratory glossitis

A

geographic tongue

75
Q

What is attrition accelerated by?

A

bruxism

chewing tobacco

certain occupations/environments when abrasives enter the mouth

76
Q

this is the start or enhance the inflammatory response and has what three systems?

A

chemical mediators

Kinin system, complement system, clotting mechanism

77
Q

enlargement or swelling of a lymph node

A

lymphadenopathy

78
Q

one area

A

local

79
Q

what happens with exudate?

A

plasma fluids and proteins that leave the blood vessels and enter the surrounding tissues.. this causes pain and sensory nerves in area

involves serous and purulent

80
Q

What are the 6 types of WBC’s?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells

81
Q

what happens with active hyperemia?

A

increase in blood flow flooding from capillary beds which causes heat and erythema

82
Q

redness

A

erythema

83
Q

throughout

A

systemic

84
Q

the adherence of WBC’s to endothelial cells lining an injured blood vessel

A

pavementing

85
Q

what are the microscopic events?

A 
1st event
active hyperemia
exudate 
wheal
fistula
incision/drainage
margination
pavementing
emigration
phagocytosis
86
Q

restoration of damaged or diseased tissue

A

repair

87
Q

what is it called when the lining of vessel walls with the WBCs?

A

pavementing

88
Q

increase in white blood cells

A

leukocytosis

89
Q

what is the movement of WBC’s to periphery of vessel walls?

A

margination

90
Q

what is purulent exudate?

A

tissue debris/many WBC’s and serous (thick/colored)

91
Q

what is the grinding/clenching the teeth together for nonfunctional purposes?

A

Bruxism

92
Q

affects body as a whole

A

systemic

93
Q

occurs in the early stage of inflammation; wbc’s occupy the periphery of a blood vessel and adhere to endothelial cells lining the blood vessel

A

margination

94
Q

passage of white blood cells through endothelial wall of small blood vessels

A

emigration

95
Q

what happens with wheal?

A

clinical sign of edema (swelling)

96
Q

this is used to describe a condition when it is found on the mucosal surfaces other than the tongue

A

ectopic geographic tongue

97
Q

confined or limited to a part

A

local

98
Q

What day of injury does a clot form?

A

Day of Injury

consists of fibrin, aggregated RBC and platelets, clot formation (thrombocytes)

affected by hereditary factors; drugs
extensive injury
certain diseases

99
Q

characterized by distorted perception of body image along with depression, intense fear of gaining weight, and self imposed starvation, recommend rinsing immediately after vomiting and use fluoride

A

anorexia nervosa

100
Q

this is flat or slightly raised oval or rectangular erythematous area in the midline of dorsal surface of tongue, lacking filiform papillae, no specific treatment because it can be resolved on its own

A

median rhomboid glossitis

101
Q

localized swelling of tissue due to edema, accompanied by severe itching

A

wheal

Oral Pathology (15 decks)

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