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Oral Pathology > exam 2- lecture 2 > Flashcards

exam 2- lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

mucosa becomes erythematous/edematous accompanied by burning/itching

A

mucositis

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2
Q

syndrome that includes a wide spectrum of disease activity and signs and symptoms ranging from skin lesions (discoid lupus) to wide spread, debilitating, life threatening disease with multiple organ involvement

A

systemic lupus erythematous

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3
Q

these are canker sores or aphthous stomatitis, painful oral ulcers for which the cause of them remains unclear and they can occur frequently

A

aphthous ulcers

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4
Q

most common site is the gingiva (free and attached), desquamative gingivitis

A

cicatrical pemphigoid

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5
Q

what is the eye damage called occurring in sjorens syndrome

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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6
Q

major and minor salivary glands involved in this, 50% have parotid enlargement..

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

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7
Q

this is a disorder affecting the fingers and toes involved with sjögren’s syndrome

A

raynaud’s phenomenon

20% of patients have this

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8
Q

changes that affect the oral flora so the organisms that are usually nonpathogenic are able to cause disease.

A

infectious diseases

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9
Q

how do you treat sjögren’s syndrome?

A

symptomatically

NSAIDS
Corticosteroids
saliva substitutes
sugarless gum
pilocarpine
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10
Q

lesions resulting from direct contact of ana allergen with the skin or mucosa, cell mediated immunity, type IV hypersensitivity

A

contact mucositis/dermatitis

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11
Q

both cellular and humoral immunity involved in this, 85% of individuals have skin lesions… classic butterfly rash occurs across the bridge of the nose

A

systemic lupus erythematous

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12
Q

lesions that appear in the same site each time a drug is introduced, subside when drug is removed, single or multiple slightly raised reddish patches or clusters of macules on smin

A

fixed drug eruptions

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13
Q

how do you diagnose cicatrical pemphigoid?

A

biopsy/histologic examination.

direct immunofluorescence shows a linear pattern at a basement membrane

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14
Q

these diseases cause tissue damage because the immune system treats the persons own cells and tissues as antigens

A

autoimmune disease affecting oral cavity

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15
Q

how do you treat bullous pemphigoid?

A

treat with NSAIDS- corticosteroids

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16
Q

with sjögren’s syndrome, 90% have a positive reaction to what?

A

rheumatoid factor-an antibody to IgG

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17
Q

what are the two types of sjögren’s syndrome?

A

primary- without another autoimmune disease

secondary- with another autoimmune disease

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18
Q

this is periosteal proliferation on heels, ankles, metatarsals, phalanges, knee and elbows.. aphthous like ulcers, erythematous lesions and geographic tongue like lesions in oral cavity

A

Reiters Syndrome

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19
Q

this is acute, self limited disease affecting the skin and mucous membrane, occurs in young adults and affects men more than women

A

erythema multiforme

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20
Q

what is it called if the epithelium separates from the connective tissue and erosion, bullae, or ulcers form?

A

erosive and or bullous lichen planus

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21
Q

this is abnormal visual intolerance to light of eye involvement with sjögren’s syndrome

A

photobia

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22
Q

this affects salivary and lacirmal glands causing xerostomia and xeropthalmia and the specific cause is unknown.. 50% have other autoimmune diseases(rheumatoid arthritis/systemic lupus)

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

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23
Q

what is the striae called in lichen planus?

A

Wickhams striae

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24
Q

these are hives that appear as multiple areas of well demarcated swellings associated with itching (pruitis)… caused by localized areas of vascular permeability in superficial connective tissue beneath epithelium

A

uticartia

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25
Q

what are the three types of pemphigus?

A

vegetans, foliaceus, erythematous

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26
Q

how long does reiters syndrome last and how do you treat it?

A

lasts from weeks to months.. treatment with ASA or NSAIDS

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27
Q

what are some possible causes of erythema multiforme

A

heroes simplex, TB, histoplasmosis, or drugs such as barbiturates and sulfonamides
treatment topical corticosteroids, systemic steroids

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28
Q

type of TB when kidneys and liver become involved

A

miliary TB

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29
Q

what is the most severe form of erythema multiforme

A

stevens johnson syndrome

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30
Q

this is suggested that patients with this are more at risk to develop squamous cell carcinoma.. it is a chronic disease treated symptomatically, treat with corticosteroids

A

lichen planus

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31
Q

diffuse swelling of tissue caused by permeability of deeper blood vessels but no itching and usually the lips are affected.

A

angieodema

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32
Q

what are the treatment types for TB?

A

isoniazid and rifampin and pyrazinamide

takes months to years

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33
Q

these are more common in females, trauma is the most common precipitating factor in developments and stress is associated

A

aphthous ulcers

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34
Q

lesions occur as a result of cleavage of epithelium from underlying connective tissue (acantholysis)

A

cicatrical pemphigoid

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35
Q

what is used to determine TB?

A

skin test (mantoux test)

antigens purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected into skin if previously exposed to a positive reaction occurs. type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

if positive then chest x-ray to detains if active disease present

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36
Q

this occurs in older children or adults, males, skull and mandible is involved.. a lesion resembles perio disease or PA inflammation or as well circumscribed (RL) with or without sclerotic borders. treatment with conservative surgical excision radiation

A

Eosinophilic granuloma

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37
Q

this is characterized by nikolskys sign (sloughing with finger pressure), diagnostic made by biopsy/microscopic examination and direct or indirect immunofluorescence

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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38
Q

primary infection of the lungs, oral lesions are rare but do occur as ulcers on tongue/soft palate, oral lesions are diagnostic for biopsy

A

tuberculosis (TB)

39
Q

What do the an abnormalities include of sjögren’s syndrome?

A

mild anemia, decrease in WBC count, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation role, diffuse elevation of serum immunoglobulins

40
Q

mucosal lesions more extensive and painful
genital mucosa/mucosa of eyes and lips generally encrusted/bloody

eye lesions can lead to blindness

A

stevens johnson syndrome

41
Q

some lesions on the finger tips. the skin lesions tend to worsen when exposed to sunlight. arthritis/mytosis can occur

A

systemic lupus erythematous

42
Q

infection caused by fimalentous bacterium actinomyces israelli

formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts

the colonies or organisms appear in the pus as tiny bright yellow grains (sulfur granules)

often preceded by tooth extraction or abrasion of the mucosa

A

actinomycosis

43
Q

what three changes of infectious disease include?

A

decreased salivary flow
ABC admin.
immune system alterations

44
Q

this is an acute / chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown cause, affects women 8x more than men and 3x more frequently in black women

A

systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)

45
Q

what type of gingivitis can be caused by lichen planus?

A

desquamative

46
Q

what is the diagnostic process of bechets syndrome?

A

2 of the 3 need to be present (oral, genital, ocular)

pustule developing after needle puncture is highly suggestive of bechets

treat with topical or systemic corticosteroids

47
Q

signs and symptoms of TB

A 
fever
chills
fatigue malaise 
weight loss 
and persistent cough
48
Q

3 types of histiocytosis

A

letterer -siwe disease
hand schuller- christian disease
eosinophilic granuloma

49
Q

skin lesions 2-4 mm papules located on lumbar region, flexor surfaces of wrist, anterior surface of ankles.. diagnostic is made upon clinical appearance and histologic appearance of biopsy

A

lichen planus

50
Q

bulls eye or target-concentric rings of erythema alternating with normal skin color… can affect oral cavity with or without skin

A

erythema multiforme

51
Q

what is the antigenic marker in reiters syndrome?

A

HLA-B27 and is present suggestive of genetic influence

52
Q

this is a triad of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. It has an unknown cause and more prevalent in men than women.

A

Reiters syndrome

53
Q

where do minor aphthous ulcers occur?

A

moveable mucosa, rogue and soft palate. more common in the anterior of the mouth

54
Q

when does Reiters syndrome develop?

A

1-4 weeks after venereal or GI infection

55
Q

this is the most common type, discrete round to oval ulcers that are up to 1 cm in diameter surfaced by a yellowish-white fibrin covering surrounded by a halo of erythema

A

minor aphthous ulcers

56
Q

what three things can pemphigus vulgaris have at the same time?

A

lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and sjögren’s syndrome at the same time

57
Q

erythematous, swelled and becomes encrusted with scaly, white epidermis.. most common cause is latex but can be caused by other things to/ local anesthetics, acrylic and metals… treatment topical or systemic steroids

A

dermatitis

58
Q

this is involved with diabetes insipidus, oral manifestations such as sore mouth, halitosis, gingivitis, loose teeth, non healing extraction sites, appearance of advanced perio disease

A

hand schuller christian disease

59
Q

chronic recurrent autoimmune disease consisting of primary of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and olccular inflammations.. around 30 years old, the oral ulcers are very similar to aphthous ulcers. also painful

A

bechets syndrome

60
Q

what is the diagnostic treatment with systemic lupus?

A

based on classic multiorgan involvement and presence of antinuclear antibodies in serum

61
Q

these are ulcers on the lateral borders of the tongue and crusted and bleeding lips and explosive on set

A

erythema multiforme

62
Q

what is TB caused by?

A

infectious chronic granulomatous disease by mycobacterium tuberculosis

63
Q

how do you treat pemphigus vulgaris?

A

high dose corticosteroids, methotrexate.

64
Q

treatment of actinomycosis

A

high dose of antibiotics for long term period

65
Q

what are the routes of transfer of infectious disease?

A

via air by dust or H20 droplets
intimate or direct contact
hands/objects
blood or body fluids

66
Q

involvement of submandivular and cervical lymphnodes

A

scrofula

67
Q

breakdown of the cellular adhesion between epithelial cells known as

A

acantholysis

68
Q

these appear on mucosa fixed to bone such as the plate and gingival, “bound down to mucosa”

A

herpetiform aphthous

69
Q

how do you treat cicatrical pemphigoid and what are the side effects?

A

treat with topical or systemic corticosteroids, eye damage is possible and can lead to blindness

70
Q

psychoses/depression are signs of CNS involvement-seizures can be present… precarditis, cardiac arrhythmia a and endocarditis may be seen late in the disease, kidney involvement..

A

systemic lupus erythematous

71
Q

these are very tiny (1-2mm), resemble ulcers caused by the herpes simplex virus and can develop anywhere in the oral cavity and usually grouped

A

herpetiform aphthous

72
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity, caused pain and itching. treatment is to discontinue the use of the drug after it has been identified

A

fixed drug eruption

73
Q

what are some ways to distinguish herpetiform aphthous from primary herpes?

A

fever, malaise, fiery red gingiva.. primary herpes does not respond to topical application of liquid tetracycline

74
Q

most common affecting tissues of the oral cavity: bacterial, fungal and viral infections

A

infectious diseases

75
Q

when is diagnostic made of sjögren’s syndrome?

A

when 2 of the 3 are available: xerostomia, rheumatoid arthritis, or keratoconjunctivits sicca

76
Q

what is the healing period of minor aphthous ulcers, and what kind of treatment?

A

7-10 days

treat symptomatically with Tylenol, topical anesthetics and some topic steroids (lidex)

77
Q

what is the prodromal period of minor aphthous ulcers?

A

1-2 days of burning, itching and soreness

78
Q

very similar to BMMP with incidence occurring in older patients (>60 years)

A

bullous pemphigoid

79
Q

how do you treat systemic lupus erythematous?

A

ASA/NSAIDS for mild symptoms
hydroxychloroqhine (antimalarial)
corticosteroids with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide
excellent prognosis with mild symptoms but can be fatal
kidney failure is cause of death in SLE
SBE prophylaxis recommended (subacute bacterioendocarditis)

80
Q

acute fulminating disorder affecting children younger than 3 years, resembles a lymphoma-rapid and fatal, sometimes responds to chemotherapy

A

letterer-siwe disease

81
Q

how do you treat angioedema?

A

treatment includes use of antihistamines (benadryl and diphenhydramine)

82
Q

this is benign, chronic disease affecting the skin and oral mucosa.. characteristic pattern of interconnecting lines (striae) resembling the pattern of the plant lichen as it grows on rocks and trees (lace appearance)

A

lichen planus

83
Q

these are also called langheran cell granulomatosis..

A

Histiocytosis X

84
Q

what are the three types of aphthous ulcers?

A

minor, major, and herpetiform

85
Q

this is the most frequently seen type of phemogus, oral lesions appear as shallow ulcers to fragile vesicles or bullae

A

pemphigus vulgaris

86
Q

benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP), chronic autoimmune disease affecting oral mucosa, conjunctiva, genital mucosa, and skin (requires referral to multiple specialists), heals with some scarring

A

cicatrical pemphigoid

87
Q

this is on the buccal mucosa, usually bi lateral.. this is common in middle age with slight female predominance

A

lichen planus

88
Q

this is the most common type of ulcer and about 20% of the population has had them

A

aphthous ulcers

89
Q

this occurs in children less than 5 years, classic triad in 25% of patients, single or multiple “punched out” (RL) in skull, uni or bi lateral exophtalmous

A

hand-schuller- christian disease

90
Q

skin lesions are popular and postulate and occur on the trunk and the limbs… genital ulcers are small and located on the scrotum or base of lenis.

A

bechets syndrome

91
Q

these are larger than 1 cm in diameter and are deeper and last longer than minor, painful and occur in posterior part of the mouth, may require biopsy, takes several weeks to heal and can scar… may require some systemic steroids

A

major aphthous ulcers

92
Q

three types of langheran granulomatous

A

letterer -siwe disease
hand schuller- christian disease
eosinophilic granuloma

93
Q

what are some systemic diseases associated with aphthous ulcers?

A 
bechets syndrome
chrons disease 
ulcerative colitis
cyclic neutropenia
sprue (gluten intolerance)
intestinal lymphoma
94
Q

severe, progressive autoimmune disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, characterized by intraepithelial blister formation that results from breakdown of the cellular adhesion between epithelial cells known as (acantholysis)

A

pemphigus vulgaris

Oral Pathology (15 decks)

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