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Biology > Exam Semester1 Review: > Flashcards

Exam Semester1 Review: Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Four characteristics of life:

A

reproduce
have an orderly structure
grow & develop
adapt & develop

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1
Q

the study of life-

A

Biology

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2
Q

making more of an organism -

A

reproduce

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3
Q

T or F - organisms must change to survive the environment

A

True

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4
Q

inherited changes needed for survival -

A

adaptations

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5
Q

gradual change overtime -

A

evolution

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6
Q

balance of our internal environment -

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

Robert Hook created what?

A

the microscope

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8
Q

an increase in living material

A

growth

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9
Q

all of changes an organism goes through -

A

development

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10
Q

study of interactions between the organism & its environment -

A

Ecology

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11
Q

supports living things -

A

Biosphere

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12
Q

NON-LIVING parts of an organisms environment -

A

abiotic factors

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13
Q

living organisms in the environment -

A

Biotic Factors

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14
Q

The four Levels-

A 
Organism 
Population
Community
Ecosytem
(and then Biosphere)
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15
Q

organisms that livve & interbreed in the same area -

A

population

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16
Q

made up of interacting populations in certain place & certain time -

A

Biological Community

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17
Q

populations in a biological community & the communities abiotic factors -

A

Ecosystem

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18
Q

Two major Ecosystems-

A

Terrestrial - on land

Aquatic - fresh & saltwater

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19
Q

where an organism lives out its life -

A

Habitat

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20
Q

strategies & adaptations a species uses in its environment -

A

Niche

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21
Q

a type of consumer -

A

predator

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22
Q

living together -

A

symbiosis

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23
Q

Three types of Symbiosis -

A

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

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24
Q

both species benefit-

A

Mutualism

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25
Q

one species is benefitted, the other is neither harmed nor benefitted -

A

Commensalism

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26
Q

one species is benefitted while the other one is harmed

A

Parasitism

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27
Q

Autotrophs -

A

grass and trees

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28
Q

organisms that cannot make their own food -

A

heterotrophs

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29
Q

Herbivores -

A

feed on plants

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30
Q

Carnivores -

A

kills and eats other animals

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31
Q

scavengers -

A

eat animals that are dead

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32
Q

eats plants AND animals -

A

Omnivores

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33
Q

they break down and release nutrients from dead organisms -

A

decomposers

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34
Q

model showing how matter & energy move through an ecosystem-

A

food chain

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35
Q

organism (in a food chain) represents a feeding step -

A

Trophic Level

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36
Q

shows how energy flows through an ecosystem -

A

Ecological Pyramid

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37
Q

total weight of living matter at each trophic level -

A

Biomass

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38
Q

Planets in ORDER :

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth 
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn 
Uranus
Neptune
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39
Q

any abiotic / biotic factor that restricts the existence, reproduction, or distribution or organisms.-

A

Limiting Factors

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40
Q

Examples of Limiting Factors -

A

food , weather , water , shelter

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41
Q

groups of populations living in the same area-

A

Communities

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42
Q

takes place where there was originally nothing living -

A

Primary

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43
Q

an environment disaster -

A

Secondary

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44
Q

The perfect place -

A

Climax community

45
Q

group of organisms that live in the same area -

A

populations

46
Q

number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinitely -

A

Carrying Capactiy

47
Q

competition , predators , disease -

A

Density Dependent

48
Q

Natural Disaster -

A

Density Independent

49
Q

Taxonomys -

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Cause
Order
Family
Genus
Species
50
Q

Six Kingdoms -

A 
Animalae
Plantae
Fungi
Archaebacteria (Prokarya)
Eubacteria
Protists
51
Q

which kingdom does NOT contain peptidoglycan?

A

Archaebacteria

52
Q

which kingdom DOES contain peptidoglycan -

A

Eubacteria

53
Q

which kingdom is a diverse group -

A

Protists

54
Q

three ways to classify organisms -

A

physical looks
EVOLUTION
Dna

55
Q

the evolutionary of a species-

A

phylogeny

56
Q

way to map out an organisms past-

A

Caldistics

57
Q

inherited characteristics -

A

derived traits

58
Q

branching diagram -

A

cladogram

59
Q

grouping of things according to their characteristics -

A

classification

60
Q

the science of classifying organisms -

A

taxonomy

61
Q

two groups of the Classification System -

A

Plants and Animals

62
Q

plants -

A

herbs , trees , shrubs

63
Q

animals -

A

movement, habitat , physical looks

64
Q

What did Linnaeus create?

A

the binomial Nomenclature

65
Q

a two named system -

A

binomial Nomenclature

66
Q

1st name -

A

genus

67
Q

2nd name -

A

species

68
Q

Genus name is gonna be _______. -

A

capitalized

69
Q

the species name will be _______.

A

Lowercase

70
Q

example:

Homo sapiens

A

Homo is the genus

sapiens is the species

71
Q

two tools(microscopes) we use-

A

Compound & Electron Microscope

72
Q

basic unit of life on earth -

A

cell

73
Q

everything is made out of what ________. -

A

cells!!

74
Q

he discovered “tiny boxes” he called cells -

A

Hooke

75
Q

What year did Hooke discover cells-

A

1665

76
Q

he improved microscopes & found living cells in water - ((1675))

A

Von Leewenhoek

77
Q

he made he theory that plants are made of cells - ((1839))

A

Schledien

78
Q

had a theory that animals are made of cells - ((1839))

A

Schwann

79
Q

theory that cells only come from existing cells - ((1858))

A

Virchow

80
Q

Three main ideas of the Cell theory -

A
  1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. cell is basic unit of structure of organisms
  3. all cells come from pre-existing cells
81
Q

Two basic cell types-

A

Prokaryotes , Eukaryotes

82
Q

SIMPLE cells w/ NO membrane bound nucleus / organelles -

A

Prokaryotes (Archaebacteria)

83
Q

COMPLEX cells w/ A membrane bound nucleus / organelles -

A

Eubacteria

84
Q

Cell membrane has two other names -

A

plasma brane & phospholipid bilayer

85
Q

Three components of the Cell Membrane-

A

phosphates
lipids
proteins

86
Q

they are hydrophobic tails & THEY HATEEEEE WATER -

A

fatty acid tails ALSO KNOWN AS lipids

87
Q

hydophilic heads & AND THEY LIKE WATER!! -

A

Phosphates

88
Q

process by which materials enter & leave the cell -

A

Cellular transport

89
Q

some substances can pass across them & others cannot -

A

Selectively Permeable

90
Q

no cellular energy - ((goes from HIGH to LOW))

A

Passive Transport

91
Q

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a low concentration, due to random movement of molecules –

A

Diffusion

92
Q

of molecules in a situation -

A

Concentration

93
Q

solvent -

A

does the dissolving

94
Q

solute -

A

dissolved

95
Q

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane -

A

Osmosis

96
Q

Three types of Solution -

A

Hypertonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution

97
Q

when the cell is put into water, it shrinks. What type of solution?

A

Hypertonic Solution

98
Q

when the cell is put into the water, it swells. what type of Solution-

A

Hypotonic Solutionq

99
Q

the cell stays the same when it is put into water. What type of solution?

A

Isotonic Solution

100
Q

uses carrier protein to move materials across the cell membrane -

A

facilitated Diffusion

101
Q

uses cellular energy to move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient - ((goes from LOW to HIGH))

A

active transports

102
Q

three types of Passive Transport -

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Faciliated diffusion

103
Q

Three types of Active transport -

A

Protein Pump
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

104
Q

protiens embedded in the cell membrane help to move ions and small molecules -

A

Protein Pump

105
Q

movement of substances into the cell by valcuoles -

A

Endocytosis

106
Q

two parts of Endocytosis -

A

Phagosytosis

Pinocytosis

107
Q

taking in large particles for food ; blood cells consuming bacteria -

A

Phagocytosis

108
Q

taking in water by using vacuoles -

A

Pinocytosis

109
Q

movement of substances out of cell by vacuoles -

A

Exocytosis

Biology (29 decks)

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