Exam Semester1 Review: Flashcards
0
Q
Four characteristics of life:
A
reproduce
have an orderly structure
grow & develop
adapt & develop
1
Q
the study of life-
A
Biology
2
Q
making more of an organism -
A
reproduce
3
Q
T or F - organisms must change to survive the environment
A
True
4
Q
inherited changes needed for survival -
A
adaptations
5
Q
gradual change overtime -
A
evolution
6
Q
balance of our internal environment -
A
homeostasis
7
Q
Robert Hook created what?
A
the microscope
8
Q
an increase in living material
A
growth
9
Q
all of changes an organism goes through -
A
development
10
Q
study of interactions between the organism & its environment -
A
Ecology
11
Q
supports living things -
A
Biosphere
12
Q
NON-LIVING parts of an organisms environment -
A
abiotic factors
13
Q
living organisms in the environment -
A
Biotic Factors
14
Q
The four Levels-
A
Organism Population Community Ecosytem (and then Biosphere)
15
Q
organisms that livve & interbreed in the same area -
A
population
16
Q
made up of interacting populations in certain place & certain time -
A
Biological Community
17
Q
populations in a biological community & the communities abiotic factors -
A
Ecosystem
18
Q
Two major Ecosystems-
A
Terrestrial - on land
Aquatic - fresh & saltwater
19
Q
where an organism lives out its life -
A
Habitat
20
Q
strategies & adaptations a species uses in its environment -
A
Niche
21
Q
a type of consumer -
A
predator
22
Q
living together -
A
symbiosis
23
Q
Three types of Symbiosis -
A
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
24
both species benefit-
Mutualism
25
one species is benefitted, the other is neither harmed nor benefitted -
Commensalism
26
one species is benefitted while the other one is harmed
Parasitism
27
Autotrophs -
grass and trees
28
organisms that cannot make their own food -
heterotrophs
29
Herbivores -
feed on plants
30
Carnivores -
kills and eats other animals
31
scavengers -
eat animals that are dead
32
eats plants AND animals -
Omnivores
33
they break down and release nutrients from dead organisms -
decomposers
34
model showing how matter & energy move through an ecosystem-
food chain
35
organism (in a food chain) represents a feeding step -
Trophic Level
36
shows how energy flows through an ecosystem -
Ecological Pyramid
37
total weight of living matter at each trophic level -
Biomass
38
Planets in ORDER :
```
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
```
39
any abiotic / biotic factor that restricts the existence, reproduction, or distribution or organisms.-
Limiting Factors
40
Examples of Limiting Factors -
food , weather , water , shelter
41
groups of populations living in the same area-
Communities
42
takes place where there was originally nothing living -
Primary
43
an environment disaster -
Secondary
44
The perfect place -
Climax community
45
group of organisms that live in the same area -
populations
46
number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinitely -
Carrying Capactiy
47
competition , predators , disease -
Density Dependent
48
Natural Disaster -
Density Independent
49
Taxonomys -
```
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Cause
Order
Family
Genus
Species
```
50
Six Kingdoms -
```
Animalae
Plantae
Fungi
Archaebacteria (Prokarya)
Eubacteria
Protists
```
51
which kingdom does NOT contain peptidoglycan?
Archaebacteria
52
which kingdom DOES contain peptidoglycan -
Eubacteria
53
which kingdom is a diverse group -
Protists
54
three ways to classify organisms -
physical looks
EVOLUTION
Dna
55
the evolutionary of a species-
phylogeny
56
way to map out an organisms past-
Caldistics
57
inherited characteristics -
derived traits
58
branching diagram -
cladogram
59
grouping of things according to their characteristics -
classification
60
the science of classifying organisms -
taxonomy
61
two groups of the Classification System -
Plants and Animals
62
plants -
herbs , trees , shrubs
63
animals -
movement, habitat , physical looks
64
What did Linnaeus create?
the binomial Nomenclature
65
a two named system -
binomial Nomenclature
66
1st name -
genus
67
2nd name -
species
68
Genus name is gonna be _______. -
capitalized
69
the species name will be _______.
Lowercase
70
example:
| Homo sapiens
Homo is the genus
| sapiens is the species
71
two tools(microscopes) we use-
Compound & Electron Microscope
72
basic unit of life on earth -
cell
73
everything is made out of what ________. -
cells!!
74
he discovered "tiny boxes" he called cells -
Hooke
75
What year did Hooke discover cells-
1665
76
he improved microscopes & found living cells in water - ((1675))
Von Leewenhoek
77
he made he theory that plants are made of cells - ((1839))
Schledien
78
had a theory that animals are made of cells - ((1839))
Schwann
79
theory that cells only come from existing cells - ((1858))
Virchow
80
Three main ideas of the Cell theory -
1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. cell is basic unit of structure of organisms
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells
81
Two basic cell types-
Prokaryotes , Eukaryotes
82
SIMPLE cells w/ NO membrane bound nucleus / organelles -
Prokaryotes (Archaebacteria)
83
COMPLEX cells w/ A membrane bound nucleus / organelles -
Eubacteria
84
Cell membrane has two other names -
plasma brane & phospholipid bilayer
85
Three components of the Cell Membrane-
phosphates
lipids
proteins
86
they are hydrophobic tails & THEY HATEEEEE WATER -
fatty acid tails ALSO KNOWN AS lipids
87
hydophilic heads & AND THEY LIKE WATER!! -
Phosphates
88
process by which materials enter & leave the cell -
Cellular transport
89
some substances can pass across them & others cannot -
Selectively Permeable
90
no cellular energy - ((goes from HIGH to LOW))
Passive Transport
91
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a low concentration, due to random movement of molecules --
Diffusion
92
of molecules in a situation -
Concentration
93
solvent -
does the dissolving
94
solute -
dissolved
95
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane -
Osmosis
96
Three types of Solution -
Hypertonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
97
when the cell is put into water, it shrinks. What type of solution?
Hypertonic Solution
98
when the cell is put into the water, it swells. what type of Solution-
Hypotonic Solutionq
99
the cell stays the same when it is put into water. What type of solution?
Isotonic Solution
100
uses carrier protein to move materials across the cell membrane -
facilitated Diffusion
101
uses cellular energy to move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient - ((goes from LOW to HIGH))
active transports
102
three types of Passive Transport -
Diffusion
Osmosis
Faciliated diffusion
103
Three types of Active transport -
Protein Pump
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
104
protiens embedded in the cell membrane help to move ions and small molecules -
Protein Pump
105
movement of substances into the cell by valcuoles -
Endocytosis
106
two parts of Endocytosis -
Phagosytosis
| Pinocytosis
107
taking in large particles for food ; blood cells consuming bacteria -
Phagocytosis
108
taking in water by using vacuoles -
Pinocytosis
109
movement of substances out of cell by vacuoles -
Exocytosis
