Chapter 15

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

When organisms with favorable variations reproduce and pass it on to their offspring

Question 2

Mimicry

Answer 2

Structural adaptation that enables one specie resemble other species

Question 3

Camouflage

Answer 3

Enables species to blend in with their surroundings

Question 4

Homologous structure

Answer 4

Structures with common evolutionary origins

Question 5

Analogous structure

Answer 5

Structures do not have a common evolutionary origin but have a similar function

Question 6

Vestigial structure

Answer 6

Structure is present day organism that no longer serves a natural purpose

Question 7

Embryo

Answer 7

Earliest stage of growth and development with humans and animals

Question 8

Gene pool

Answer 8

All of alleles in populations gene

Question 9

Allelic Frequency

Answer 9

Percentage of any specific allele in populations gene pool

Question 10

Genetic equilibrium

Answer 10

Condition in which the frequency alleles in a population remains the same over generations

Question 11

Genetic drift

Answer 11

Alteration of Allelic frequencies in a population by chance events

Question 12

Stabilizing selection

Answer 12

Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population

Question 13

Directional selection

Answer 13

Natural selection that favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

Question 14

Disruptive selection

Answer 14

Natural selection that favors individuals with either extreme of a trait

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

Process of evolution of new species that occurs when members of similar populations no longer interbreed to produce offspring

Question 16

Geographic isolation

Answer 16

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population, which no one can mate

Question 17

Reproductive isolation

Answer 17

Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer produce fertile offspring

Question 18

Polyploid

Answer 18

Any species with multiple sets of the normal sets of chromosomes

Question 19

Gradualism

Answer 19

Idea that a species originate through a gradual change of adaptions

Question 20

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 20

Idea that periods of speciation occur relatively quickly with genetic equilibrium in between

Question 21

Adaptive radiation

Answer 21

Divergent evolution in which ancestral species evolve into species to live in habitats

Question 22

Divergent evolution

Answer 22

Evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge

Question 23

Convergent evolution

Answer 23

Convergent in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits

Question 24

Artificial selection

Answer 24

Breeding organisms with specific traits to produce offspring g with identical traits