Chapter 15 Semester 2

Question 1

Mechanism for change in populations; occurs when organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations to the next generation

Answer 1

Natural selection

Question 2

Structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species; may provide protection from predators or other advantages

Answer 2

Mimicry

Question 3

Structural adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings; allows a species to avoid detection by predators

Answer 3

Camouflage

Question 4

Structures with common evolutionary origins; can be similar in arrangement, in function, or both; provides evidence of evolution from a common ancestor

Answer 4

Homologous structure

Question 5

Process of breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits

Answer 5

Artificial selection

Question 6

Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

Answer 6

Analogous structure

Question 7

A structure in a present-day organism that no longer serves its natural purpose, but was probably useful to an ancestor; provides evidence of evolution

Answer 7

Vestigial structure

Question 8

Earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals

Answer 8

Embryo

Question 9

All of the alleles in a population’s genes

Answer 9

Gene pool

Question 10

Percentage of any specific allele in a population’s gene pool

Answer 10

Allelic frequency

Question 11

Condition in which the frequency if alleles in a population remains the same over generations

Answer 11

Genetic equilibrium

Question 12

Alliteration of allelic frequencies in a population by chance events; results in disruption of genetic equilibrium

Answer 12

Genetic drift

Question 13

Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population; results in a decline in population variation

Answer 13

Stabilizing selection

Question 14

Natural selection that that favors one of the extreme variations of a trait; can lead to rapid evolution in a population

Answer 14

Directional selection

Question 15

Natural selection that favors individuals with either extreme of a trait; tends to eliminate intermediate phenotypes

Answer 15

Disruptive selection

Question 16

Process of evolution of new species that occurs when members of similar populations no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring within their natural environment

Answer 16

Speciation

Question 17

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population, which results in individuals no longer being able to mate; can lead to the formation of a new species

Answer 17

Geographic isolation

Question 18

Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer produce fertile offspring due to an incompatibility of their genetic material or by differences in mating behavior

Answer 18

Reproductive isolation

Question 19

Any species with multiple sets of the normal set of chromosomes; results from errors during mitosis or meiosis

Answer 19

Polyploid

Question 20

Idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations

Answer 20

Gradualism

Question 21

Idea that periods of speciation occur relatively quickly with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between

Answer 21

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 22

Divergent evolution in which ancestral species evolve into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats

Answer 22

Adaptive radiation

Question 23

Evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge

Answer 23

Divergent evolution

Question 24

Evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits

Answer 24

Convergent evolution