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Anatomy Lecture > Exam IV Upper Limb > Flashcards

Exam IV Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the rotator cuff?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • teres minor
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2
Q

What rotator cuff muscle(s) attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

on posterior side,

  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
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3
Q

What rotator cuff muscle(s) attach to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

subscapularis

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4
Q

What part of the rotator cuff is usually injured and responsible for impingement of the shoulder?

A

supraspinatus tendon

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5
Q

What structures can be injured from shoulder dislocation?

A
  • axillary nerve
  • radial nerve
  • deep brachial artery
  • brachial artery
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6
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by anterior rami coming off which spinal nerves?

A
  • C5-C8

- T1

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7
Q

Name the SENSORY innervations of the brachial plexus.

A
  • C6: pad of thumb
  • C7: pad of index finger
  • C8: pad of little finger
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8
Q

Name the MOTOR innervations and functions of the brachial plexus.

A

C5- abduction of arm at glenohumeral joint
C6: flexion of forearm at elbow
C7: extension of forearm at elbow
C8: flexion of fingers

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9
Q

What are the motor and sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • provides motor innervation to anterior ARM

- receives sensory input from lateral FOREARM

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10
Q

Name the nerve that primarily innervates the anterior component of the FOREARM.

A

median nerve, except for

  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • medial flexor digitorium profundus (fingers 4 & 5)
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11
Q

Name the nerve that primarily innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand.

A

ulnar nerve

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12
Q

Name the nerve that primarily innervates the posterior components of the arm and forearm.

A
  • radial nerve

- however triceps probably innervated by axillary nerve

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13
Q

Which spinal nerve gives rise to the phrenic nerve?

A

C4-C5** check

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14
Q

What muscles make up anterior wall of axilla?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
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15
Q

What muscle makes up medial wall of axilla, and what innervates it?

A

-serratus anterior, innervated by long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

What causes “winging” of the scapula?

A

damage to the long thoracic nerve

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17
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the lateral shoulder?

A

axillary nerve

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18
Q

What muscles attach to intertubercular sulcus of the humerus (lateral wall of axilla)?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • teres major
  • latissimus dorsi
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19
Q

What separates the quadrangular space from the triangular space?

A

long head of triceps brachii

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20
Q

What forms posterior wall of axilla?

A
  • subscapularis
  • proximal long head of triceps brachii
  • distal latissimus dorsi
  • distal teres major
  • scapula
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21
Q

The axillary artery becomes what artery at teres major? What other arteries arise from axial artery?

A
  • brachial artery

- subscapular artery

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22
Q

The subclavian vein gives rise to the ___ vein posteriorly/superficially and the axillary vein anteriorly. The axillary vein becomes the ____ vein at teres major.

A

cephalic vein; basilic vein

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23
Q

Which of the ventral roots of the brachial plexus does not converge?

A

C7

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24
Q

What roots of brachial plexus make up superior, middle, and inferior trunks?

A

superior: C5-C6
middle: C7
inferior: C8-T1

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25
Q

How do the ventral roots branch into the terminal nerves? What are the three cords?

A
  • roots>trunks>divisions>cords>terminal nerves

- lateral, posterior, and medial

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26
Q

The median nerve converges off of what cords of the brachial plexus?

A

medial and lateral cords

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27
Q

Through what structures do the roots of the brachial plexus enter the neck through?

A

posterior triangle of neck through anterior and middle scalene muscles

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28
Q

At the elbow, the musculocutaneous nerve becomes the-

A

lateral cutaneous nerve

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29
Q

What are the supraclavicular and infraclavicular parts of the brachial plexus, and how are they accessed?

A
  • supraclavicular: roots and trunk, accessed via neck

- infraclavicular: cords, accessed through axilla

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30
Q

What nerves branch off of the roots of the brachial plexus?

A
  • dorsal scapular

- phrenic

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31
Q

What nerves branch off of the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • suprascapular
  • long thoracic
  • subclavius
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32
Q

Besides the median and ulnar nerve, what 3 other nerves does the medial cord of the brachial plexus give rise to?

A
  • medial pectoral nerve
  • medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • medial cutaneous nerve of arm
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33
Q

Besides the radial and axillary nerve, what other nerves branch off posterior cord of brachial plexus?

A
  • superior and inferior subscapular nerve

- thoracodorsal nerve (aka middle subscapular nerve)

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34
Q

Which nerve innervates the rhomboids and where does it emerge from?

A
  • dorsal scapular

- from C5 root

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35
Q

What innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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36
Q

On what part of the humerus does the ulna articulate?

A

trochlea

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37
Q

What structures lie on the radial groove of the humerus?

A
  • radial nerve and deep brachial artery

- lateral head of triceps also attaches here

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38
Q

Where do the short and long biceps attach?

A
  • short: coracoid process
  • long: scapula
  • both insert into radial tuberosity
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39
Q

Where does the brachialis insert into?

A
  • anterior humerus

- ulna

40
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis attach?

A
  • coracoid process

- medial humerus

41
Q

Where do the 3 heads of the triceps brachii attach?

A
  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • medial head: shaft of humerus
  • lateral head: radial groove of humerus
  • all insert into ulna
42
Q

What is the largest branch of the brachial artery, and what compartment does it supply?

A
  • profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)

- supplies posterior compartment

43
Q

What superficial veins are preferred for withdrawal of blood or vascular access?

A
  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median cubital vein
44
Q

What veins converge to form the axillary vein superiorly?

A
  • basilic vein

- brachial veins

45
Q

What vein originates from anatomical snuff box and terminates at axillary vein?

A

cephalic vein

46
Q

What vein connects basilic and cephalic vein?

A

median cubital vein

47
Q

What will damage to musculocutaneous nerve result in?

A
  • greatly impaired elbow flexion

- paralysis of coracobrachialis, brachialis, and biceps

48
Q

Name the motor innervations of the median nerve.

A
  • anterior FOREARM flexors
  • thenar muscles of hand
  • first 2 lumbricals
49
Q

Name the sensory innervations of the median nerve.

A
  • lateral palm
  • lateral 3.5 fingers (palmar)
  • joints of hand
50
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor retinaculum

51
Q

Name the motor innervations of the ulnar nerve.

A
  • medial palm and medial 1.5 digits

- medial dorsum and medial 2.5 digits

52
Q

Name the sensory innervations of the ulnar nerve.

A
  • medial flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • small muscles of the hand, lumbricals 3 &4
53
Q

What overlies the cubital tunnel and what nerve passes through it?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris

- ulnar nerve

54
Q

Damage to what nerve causes wrist drop?

A

radial nerve

55
Q

Fracture of the humerus can damage what nerves?

A
  • radial
  • ulnar
  • axillary
56
Q

Damage to axillary nerve results in what?

A

atrophy of deltoid

57
Q

What does Tommy John surgery repair?

A

ulnar collateral ligament

58
Q

What ligament binds radius to ulna and allows for pronation/supination of the forearm?

A

anular ligament

59
Q

What part of the ulna articulates with the radius? The humerus?

A
  • radial notch

- trochlear notch

60
Q

With what part of the humerus does the radius articulate?

A

capitulum

61
Q

The dorsal tubercle of the radius serves as a guide for what tendon?

A

extensor pollicis longus

62
Q

What is a Colle’s fracture, and what is another name for it?

A
  • a break in the radius close to the wrist, with associated avulsion fracture of the ulnar styloid process
  • fork fracture
63
Q

What do the anterior components of the forearm do?

A
  • flex wrist and fingers

- pronate hand

64
Q

What do the posterior components of the forearm do?

A
  • extend wrist and fingers (except brachioradialis)

- supinate hand

65
Q

What is the only muscle tendon that attaches to outside of flexor retinaculum, and what does it do?

A
  • palmaris longus

- flexes wrist

66
Q

Which forearm muscles traverse the elbow?

A

-intermediate and superficial

67
Q

What are the deep muscles of the forearm on anterior side?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
68
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm, and what does it do?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis

- flexes wrist and digits 2-5

69
Q

Which muscles act to flex wrist?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
70
Q

Which muscle abducts wrist?

A

flexor carpi radialis

71
Q

Which muscle adducts wrist?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

72
Q

Which muscles pronate forearm?

A
  • primarily by pronator quadratus

- pronator teres

73
Q

What does the flexor pollicis longus do?

A

flexes wrist and thumb

74
Q

Which finger flexor acts more efficiently to flex middle phalanges? The distal phalanges?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis

- flexor digitorum profundus

75
Q

How do you test the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

finger is held in extension and patient is asked to flex DIP joint

76
Q

Which muscles supinate the forearm?

A
  • biceps brachii

- supinator

77
Q

The ____ artery branches into radial and ulnar arteries just ____ the elbow.

A

brachial; below

78
Q

The common interosseous artery is usually a branch of the ____ artery.

A

ulnar

79
Q

What artery is usually harvested for radial grafting procedures?

A

radial artery

80
Q

Name the muscles that extend, abduct, and adduct the wrist.

A
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
81
Q

Name the muscles that extend medial fingers (2-5).

A
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor indicis
82
Q

Name the muscles that extend or abduct thumb.

A
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis longus
83
Q

What does the brachioradialis do?

A

-flexes elbow

84
Q

Which muscle extends the forearm?

A

anconeus

85
Q

Which muscle extends index finger?

A

extensor indicis

86
Q

What tendons run beneath EXTENSOR retinaculum?

A

-extensor digitorum tendons

87
Q

What structures does the floor of the snuffbox contain?

A
  • radial artery
  • trapezium
  • scaphoid
88
Q

Which extensor can function independently?

A

extensor indicis

89
Q

Ganglia of the wrist are usually located where and associated with what synovial sheath?

A
  • dorsum of wrist

- distal extensor carpi ulnaris brevis sheath

90
Q

In the wrist, only the radius articulates with the carpals. What carpals does it articulate with?

A

scaphoid and lunate

91
Q

What carpal does the thumb articulate with?

A

trapezium

92
Q

What causes a Dupuytren contracture, and what is the result?

A
  • thickening, contraction. and fibrosis of palmar fascia

- 4th and 5th fingers drawn in permanent partial flexion at MCP and PIP joints

93
Q

Name the thenar muscles.

A
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
94
Q

Name the hypothenar muscles.

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • opponens digiti minimi
95
Q

What is the adductor muscle of the hand?

A

adductor pollicis

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