Exam II Flashcards
What runs through superior orbital fissure?
- V1 (ophthalmic nerve)
- CNs 3, 4, & 6
What runs through foramen rotundum?
V2 (maxillary nerve)
What runs through foramen ovale?
V3 (mandibular nerve)
What runs through foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal artery
What runs through optic foramen?
- CN 2
- ophthalmic artery
What runs through internal acoustic meatus?
CNs 7 & 8
What runs through jugular foramen?
- CNs 9, 10, and 11
- posterior meningeal artery
Where does CN XII run through?
hypoglossal canal
What runs through foramen magnum?
- vertebral arteries
- spinal cord
- spinal roots of accessory nerve
What is the site of attachment for the posterior belly of digastric muscle?
mastoid notch
What is the point of attachment for falx cerebri?
frontal crest
The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the _____ artery, which is a branch of the _____ ______ artery
maxillary; external carotid
Trauma to the pterion can cause a ____ bleed from the _____ branch of the ____ _____ artery.
epidural; anterior; middle meningeal
The middle meningeal artery is between what 2 layers?
dura and cranium
What innervates the dura?
- V1, V2, and V3
- nerves from C1, C2, & sometimes C3
What makes up the forebrain?
- cerebrum (includes cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, & white matter)
- the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
What makes up the hindbrain?
medulla, pons, and cerebellum
The ____ artery gives rise to the vertebral arteries, from which spinal arteries branch off, of before merging to form the ______ artery.
subclavian; basilar
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery branches off of the ______ arteries, while the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries branch off of the _____ ______.
vertebral; basilar artery
What are the 4 causes of stroke?
- cerebral embolus
- cerebral thrombosis
- cerebral hemorrhage
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
What does FAST stand for?
- facial droop
- arm (drifting downward when lifted)
- speech (slurred)
- Time (act fast)
Where does the superior sagittal sinus normally drain into?
right transverse sinus
The inferior sagittal sinus normally drains into what?
straight sinus
What does the straight sinus normally drain into?
left transverse sinus
What does the transverse sinus mainly drain?
superior petrosal sinus
What sinus drains into internal jugular vein?
sigmoid sinus
What do the cavernous sinuses drain?
- ophthalmic vein
- basilar plexus
- superficial cortical veins
- eventually emptying into jugular
What nerves are present in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?
- CN III
- CN IV
- V1 (ophthalmic nerve)
- V2 (maxillary nerve)
What structures pass through cavernous sinuses?
- internal carotid artery
- CN 3
- CN 4
- V1 & V2
- CN 6
What does the Glasgow coma scale assess/test?
- assesses alertness, consciousness
- tests eye movement, verbal function. motor function
What is falcine herniation?
when the brain herniates beneath falx cerebri due to swelling
How is cerebral swelling treated?
- vasoactive drugs and/or corticosteroids
- hyperventilation (by altering blood pH)
- surgery
which cranial nerves carry autonomic fibers with them
3, 7, 9, & 10
Where does CN I pass through?
cribriform plate
What cranial nerves pass through internal acoustic meatus?
CN 7 and 8
What does CN III innervate?
extrinsic muscles of the eye
- superior, medial, and inferior recti
- inferior oblique
- levator palpebrae superioris
What muscle does CN IV innervate?
superior oblique
Which nerves control extrinsic muscles of the eyeball?
III, IV, and VI
What muscle does CN VI innervate?
lateral rectus
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
- mastication
- sensation of face from V1 and V2
What two cranial nerves are responsible for taste?
7 & 9
which CN is responsible for saliva and tear production?
Facial
What does CN VII leave the cranium through?
stylomastoid foramen
What are the 5 extracranial branches of the facial nerve?
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- cervical
- marginal mandibular
Which of the 3 branches of CN V has the most fibers? The least?
- ophthalmic has least
- mandibular has most
What muscles are innervated by V3?
- muscles of mastication
- tensor tympani
- tensor veli palatini
- mylohyoid
- anterior digastric
What is the buccinator innervated by?
- buccal branch of facial nerve (motor)
- buccal branch of mandibular nerve (sensory)
What is the palatoglossus muscle innervated by?
CN X
Which papillae lack taste buds?
filiform papillae
What nerve provides tactile sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?
-lingual nerve (from V3)
What does the hypoglossal nerve do?
- controls intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossus muscle
- responsible for swallowing and speech
What nerve is responsible for sensation and taste of the root of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve
What structures does CN IX control motor function for?
- parts of the tongue, pharynx, and parotid gland
- gag reflex
What nerve provides taste sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?
-chorda tympani of facial nerve
What drains into superior turbinate?
posterior ethmoid cells
What drains into middle turbinate?
frontal and maxillary sinuses
What drains into inferior turbinate?
nasolacrimal duct
What does the maxillary artery branch off of?
external carotid artery
What innervates orbicularis oculi?
facial nerve
What innervates levator palpebrae superioris?
CN III
What innervates the superior tarsal muscle?
sympathetic fibers
what is intorsion?
internal rotation (top towards nose)
What is extorsion?
external rotation (top towards temple)
What is astigmatism?
when the normal refraction of light is altered due to abnormalities in the curvature of the cornea
