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Anatomy Lecture > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

What runs through superior orbital fissure?

A
  • V1 (ophthalmic nerve)

- CNs 3, 4, & 6

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2
Q

What runs through foramen rotundum?

A

V2 (maxillary nerve)

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3
Q

What runs through foramen ovale?

A

V3 (mandibular nerve)

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4
Q

What runs through foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery

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5
Q

What runs through optic foramen?

A
  • CN 2

- ophthalmic artery

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6
Q

What runs through internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNs 7 & 8

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7
Q

What runs through jugular foramen?

A
  • CNs 9, 10, and 11

- posterior meningeal artery

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8
Q

Where does CN XII run through?

A

hypoglossal canal

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9
Q

What runs through foramen magnum?

A
  • vertebral arteries
  • spinal cord
  • spinal roots of accessory nerve
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10
Q

What is the site of attachment for the posterior belly of digastric muscle?

A

mastoid notch

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11
Q

What is the point of attachment for falx cerebri?

A

frontal crest

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12
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the _____ artery, which is a branch of the _____ ______ artery

A

maxillary; external carotid

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13
Q

Trauma to the pterion can cause a ____ bleed from the _____ branch of the ____ _____ artery.

A

epidural; anterior; middle meningeal

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14
Q

The middle meningeal artery is between what 2 layers?

A

dura and cranium

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15
Q

What innervates the dura?

A
  • V1, V2, and V3

- nerves from C1, C2, & sometimes C3

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16
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A
  • cerebrum (includes cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, & white matter)
  • the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
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17
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

medulla, pons, and cerebellum

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18
Q

The ____ artery gives rise to the vertebral arteries, from which spinal arteries branch off, of before merging to form the ______ artery.

A

subclavian; basilar

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19
Q

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery branches off of the ______ arteries, while the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries branch off of the _____ ______.

A

vertebral; basilar artery

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20
Q

What are the 4 causes of stroke?

A
  • cerebral embolus
  • cerebral thrombosis
  • cerebral hemorrhage
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
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21
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A
  • facial droop
  • arm (drifting downward when lifted)
  • speech (slurred)
  • Time (act fast)
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22
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus normally drain into?

A

right transverse sinus

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23
Q

The inferior sagittal sinus normally drains into what?

A

straight sinus

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24
Q

What does the straight sinus normally drain into?

A

left transverse sinus

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25
Q

What does the transverse sinus mainly drain?

A

superior petrosal sinus

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26
Q

What sinus drains into internal jugular vein?

A

sigmoid sinus

27
Q

What do the cavernous sinuses drain?

A
  • ophthalmic vein
  • basilar plexus
  • superficial cortical veins
  • eventually emptying into jugular
28
Q

What nerves are present in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

A
  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • V1 (ophthalmic nerve)
  • V2 (maxillary nerve)
29
Q

What structures pass through cavernous sinuses?

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • CN 3
  • CN 4
  • V1 & V2
  • CN 6
30
Q

What does the Glasgow coma scale assess/test?

A
  • assesses alertness, consciousness

- tests eye movement, verbal function. motor function

31
Q

What is falcine herniation?

A

when the brain herniates beneath falx cerebri due to swelling

32
Q

How is cerebral swelling treated?

A
  • vasoactive drugs and/or corticosteroids
  • hyperventilation (by altering blood pH)
  • surgery
33
Q

which cranial nerves carry autonomic fibers with them

A

3, 7, 9, & 10

34
Q

Where does CN I pass through?

A

cribriform plate

35
Q

What cranial nerves pass through internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN 7 and 8

36
Q

What does CN III innervate?

A

extrinsic muscles of the eye

  • superior, medial, and inferior recti
  • inferior oblique
  • levator palpebrae superioris
37
Q

What muscle does CN IV innervate?

A

superior oblique

38
Q

Which nerves control extrinsic muscles of the eyeball?

A

III, IV, and VI

39
Q

What muscle does CN VI innervate?

A

lateral rectus

40
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • mastication

- sensation of face from V1 and V2

41
Q

What two cranial nerves are responsible for taste?

A

7 & 9

42
Q

which CN is responsible for saliva and tear production?

A

Facial

43
Q

What does CN VII leave the cranium through?

A

stylomastoid foramen

44
Q

What are the 5 extracranial branches of the facial nerve?

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • cervical
  • marginal mandibular
45
Q

Which of the 3 branches of CN V has the most fibers? The least?

A
  • ophthalmic has least

- mandibular has most

46
Q

What muscles are innervated by V3?

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor veli palatini
  • mylohyoid
  • anterior digastric
47
Q

What is the buccinator innervated by?

A
  • buccal branch of facial nerve (motor)

- buccal branch of mandibular nerve (sensory)

48
Q

What is the palatoglossus muscle innervated by?

A

CN X

49
Q

Which papillae lack taste buds?

A

filiform papillae

50
Q

What nerve provides tactile sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

-lingual nerve (from V3)

51
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A
  • controls intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossus muscle
  • responsible for swallowing and speech
52
Q

What nerve is responsible for sensation and taste of the root of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

53
Q

What structures does CN IX control motor function for?

A
  • parts of the tongue, pharynx, and parotid gland

- gag reflex

54
Q

What nerve provides taste sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

-chorda tympani of facial nerve

55
Q

What drains into superior turbinate?

A

posterior ethmoid cells

56
Q

What drains into middle turbinate?

A

frontal and maxillary sinuses

57
Q

What drains into inferior turbinate?

A

nasolacrimal duct

58
Q

What does the maxillary artery branch off of?

A

external carotid artery

59
Q

What innervates orbicularis oculi?

A

facial nerve

60
Q

What innervates levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CN III

61
Q

What innervates the superior tarsal muscle?

A

sympathetic fibers

62
Q

what is intorsion?

A

internal rotation (top towards nose)

63
Q

What is extorsion?

A

external rotation (top towards temple)

64
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

when the normal refraction of light is altered due to abnormalities in the curvature of the cornea

Anatomy Lecture (12 decks)

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