Exam IV Pelvic Flashcards

1
Q

How is the pelvic cavity positioned in vivo?

A
  • pelvic inlet is angled 50-60 degrees forward

- making pelvic cavity project posteriorly from abdominal cavity

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2
Q

How does the female pelvis compare to the male pelvis?

A
  • wider, shallower
  • larger pelvic inlet & outlet
  • pelvic inlet more round in shape
  • blunter ischial spines
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3
Q

What is the narrowest portion of the pelvic canal?

A

interspinous distance (between ischial spines)

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4
Q

How much larger does pelvic canal become in later half of pregnancy?

A

10-15%

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5
Q

What pelvic structures are intraperitoneal?

A

uterine tubes only

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6
Q

What is the pouch of Douglas?

A

retrouterine pouch

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7
Q

What forms pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • levator ani
  • coccygeus
  • fascia membranes
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8
Q

What is the innervation ABOVE the peritoneum, and what are the functions?

A
  • sympathetic from lumbar splanchnics

- vasomotor, inhibits rectal contraction, stimulates genitals

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9
Q

What is the innervation BELOW the peritoneum, and what are the functions?

A

1) parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnics
- contraction of rectum & bladder, erect genitals
2) somatic (from pudendal nerve)

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10
Q

Where is the perineal membrane located in males?

A

just below prostate

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11
Q

The pelvic cavity is supplied by which 2 arteries?

A

internal iliac (primarily) and inferior mesenteric artery

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12
Q

Is the urge to urinate sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

Is ejaculation sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

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14
Q

How does the female urinary system compare to that of the male?

A
  • urethra is shorter (4 cm)
  • internal sphincter runs entire length of urethra
  • levator ani muscle runs along sphincter (prostate is between them in males)
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15
Q

Where is prostate CA most likely to develop?

A

peripheral zone

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16
Q

What structure is considered the female prostate?

A

Skene’s glands (paraurethral mucous glands)

17
Q

What is the position of the uterus relative to the bladder?

A

Anteflexed

18
Q

What is the position of the uterus relative to the vagina?

A

anteverted (tilted forward)

19
Q

What suspends ovary?

A
  • mesovarium from broad ligament

- suspensory ligament of ovary (from pelvic wall)

20
Q

What muscle covers the crura?

A

ischiocavernosus

21
Q

What muscle covers the bulb of the vestibule?

A

bulbospongiosus

22
Q

What is the function of the greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands?

A

secrete mucus into vestibule with arousal

23
Q

The superior rectal artery arises from the –

A

inferior mesenteric artery

24
Q

The middle rectal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

internal iliac

25
The inferior rectal artery is a branch of the--
internal pudendal arteries
26
At the pectinate line in the anal canal, the epithelial tissue changes from ___ to ___.
columnar; stratified squamous
27
What is the innervation superior to the pectinate line?
- inferior hypogastric plexus | - autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral)
28
What is the innervation inferior to pectinate line?
somatic (from pudendal nerve)
29
How does prostate CA metastasize?
to surrounding lymph nodes, then to bone
30
What is the function of Cowper's glands?
releases secretions within external urethral sphinchter which act to flush urethra
31
What is the difference between a direct and indirect hernia?
- indirect is usually congenital and lateral to epigastric vessels - direct enters inguinal fossa (Hasselbach's triangle)