Exam IV Pelvic

Question 1

How is the pelvic cavity positioned in vivo?

Answer 1

• pelvic inlet is angled 50-60 degrees forward

- making pelvic cavity project posteriorly from abdominal cavity

Question 2

How does the female pelvis compare to the male pelvis?

Answer 2

• wider, shallower
• larger pelvic inlet & outlet
• pelvic inlet more round in shape
• blunter ischial spines

Question 3

What is the narrowest portion of the pelvic canal?

Answer 3

interspinous distance (between ischial spines)

Question 4

How much larger does pelvic canal become in later half of pregnancy?

Answer 4

10-15%

Question 5

What pelvic structures are intraperitoneal?

Answer 5

uterine tubes only

Question 6

What is the pouch of Douglas?

Answer 6

retrouterine pouch

Question 7

What forms pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 7

• levator ani
• coccygeus
• fascia membranes

Question 8

What is the innervation ABOVE the peritoneum, and what are the functions?

Answer 8

• sympathetic from lumbar splanchnics

- vasomotor, inhibits rectal contraction, stimulates genitals

Question 9

What is the innervation BELOW the peritoneum, and what are the functions?

Answer 9

1) parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnics
- contraction of rectum & bladder, erect genitals
2) somatic (from pudendal nerve)

Question 10

Where is the perineal membrane located in males?

Answer 10

just below prostate

Question 11

The pelvic cavity is supplied by which 2 arteries?

Answer 11

internal iliac (primarily) and inferior mesenteric artery

Question 12

Is the urge to urinate sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 12

parasympathetic

Question 13

Is ejaculation sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 13

sympathetic

Question 14

How does the female urinary system compare to that of the male?

Answer 14

• urethra is shorter (4 cm)
• internal sphincter runs entire length of urethra
• levator ani muscle runs along sphincter (prostate is between them in males)

Question 15

Where is prostate CA most likely to develop?

Answer 15

peripheral zone

Question 16

What structure is considered the female prostate?

Answer 16

Skene’s glands (paraurethral mucous glands)

Question 17

What is the position of the uterus relative to the bladder?

Answer 17

Anteflexed

Question 18

What is the position of the uterus relative to the vagina?

Answer 18

anteverted (tilted forward)

Question 19

What suspends ovary?

Answer 19

• mesovarium from broad ligament

- suspensory ligament of ovary (from pelvic wall)

Question 20

What muscle covers the crura?

Answer 20

ischiocavernosus

Question 21

What muscle covers the bulb of the vestibule?

Answer 21

bulbospongiosus

Question 22

What is the function of the greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands?

Answer 22

secrete mucus into vestibule with arousal

Question 23

The superior rectal artery arises from the –

Answer 23

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 24

The middle rectal artery is a branch of what artery?

Answer 24

internal iliac

Question 25

The inferior rectal artery is a branch of the–

Answer 25

internal pudendal arteries

Question 26

At the pectinate line in the anal canal, the epithelial tissue changes from ___ to ___.

Answer 26

columnar; stratified squamous

Question 27

What is the innervation superior to the pectinate line?

Answer 27

• inferior hypogastric plexus

- autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral)

Question 28

What is the innervation inferior to pectinate line?

Answer 28

somatic (from pudendal nerve)

Question 29

How does prostate CA metastasize?

Answer 29

to surrounding lymph nodes, then to bone

Question 30

What is the function of Cowper’s glands?

Answer 30

releases secretions within external urethral sphinchter which act to flush urethra

Question 31

What is the difference between a direct and indirect hernia?

Answer 31

• indirect is usually congenital and lateral to epigastric vessels
• direct enters inguinal fossa (Hasselbach’s triangle)