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Anatomy Lecture > Exam I | Introduction > Flashcards

Exam I | Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical name for front of the elbow

A

Antecubitus

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2
Q

Anatomical name for wrist

A

Carpus

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3
Q

Anatomical name for chin/ pertaining to chin

A

Mentis/ Mental

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4
Q

Anatomical names for chest

A

Thorcis/ Thorax

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5
Q

Anatomical name for lower leg/ pertaining to lower leg

A

Crus/ crural

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6
Q

Anatomical name for breast

A

Mamma

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7
Q

Pertaining to shoulder

A

Acromial

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8
Q

Anatomical name for face

A

Facies

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9
Q

Anatomical name for forehead

A

Frons

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10
Q

Anatomical name for cheek

A

Bucca

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11
Q

Anatomical name for sole of foot

A

Planta

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12
Q

Anatomical name for ear/ pertaining to ear

A

Auris/ Otic

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13
Q

Anatomical name for thumb

A

Pollex

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14
Q

Anatomical name for great toe

A

Hallux

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15
Q

Anatomical name for hand/ pertaining to hand

A

Manus/ manual

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16
Q

Anatomical name for posterior elbow/ pertaining to posterior elbow

A

Olecranon/ olecranal

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17
Q

Anatomical name for upper arm

A

Brachium

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18
Q

Anatomical name for forearm

A

Antebrachium

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19
Q

Anatomical name for palm

A

Palma

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20
Q

Anatomical name for groin

A

Inguen

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21
Q

Anatomical name for neck

A

Cervisis

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22
Q

anatomical name for back

A

Dorsum

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23
Q

Anatomical name for loin

A

Lumbus

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24
Q

Anatomical name for eye

A

Oculus

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25
Q

Anatomical name for mouth

A

Oris

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26
Q

Anatomical name for nose

A

Nasus

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27
Q

Anatomical name for foot

A

Pes

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28
Q

Anatomical name for ankle

A

Tarsus

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29
Q

Pertaining to the hip

A

Coxal

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30
Q

Anatomical name for back of the knee

A

Popliteus

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31
Q

Define the median plane.

A
  • type of sagittal plane
  • divides into almost symmetrical right and left halves. Not all organs are symmetrical (heart, liver, etc.)
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32
Q

Define the sagittal plane.

A
  • plane parallel to median plane
  • paramedian planes are near median plane
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33
Q

Define the frontal plane.

A
  • aka coronal plane
  • plane at right angle to median plane
  • divides body into asymmetrical anterior and posterior halves
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34
Q

Define the transverse plane.

A
  • AKA cross-sectional or axial plane
  • at right angle to median and coronal planes
  • divides body into superior and inferior regions
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35
Q

Compare extension and flexion.

A
  • extension is straightening or increasing angle
  • flexion is decreasing of angle
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36
Q

Describe flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the thumb.

A
  • bring thumb to palm to flex, stretch laterally to extend
  • abduction is thumb anterior to palm, adduction is drawing the fingers together
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37
Q

Compare abduction and adduction.

A
  • abduction is movement away from the median plane (spreading of fingers)
  • adduction is movement towards median plane (bringing fingers together)
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38
Q

What movement is hip flexion?

A

Moving forward

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39
Q

Define rotation and describe medial versus lateral rotation.

A
  • turning along a lengthwise axis
  • medial rotation is anterior surface moving towards median plane
  • lateral rotation is anterior surface moving away from median plane
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40
Q

Define circumduction.

A

Revolution of limb or structure around distal lengthwise axis

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41
Q

Compare pronation vs supination.

A
  • supination is palm rotated laterally into anatomical position
  • pronation if medial rotation of forearm. Palm is rotated to face posterior
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42
Q

Compare eversion vs inversion.

A
  • Eversion is sole of the foot turned outward
  • Inversion is sole of the foot turned inwards
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43
Q

Compare protrusion vs intrusion.

A
  • Protrusion is thrusting structure anteriorly
  • Intrusion is retraction of structure
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44
Q

What are the 4 major body cavities?

A
  • cranial
  • thoracic
  • abdominal
  • pelvic
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45
Q

Name abdominopelvic regions starting superiorly from left to right.

A

Right hypochondriac—> epigastric—> left hypochondriac

Right lumbar—>umbilical—> left lumbar

Right iliac—> hypogastric—>left iliac

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46
Q

What organs does the right hypochondriac region contain?

A
  1. Gallbladder
  2. Liver
  3. Right kidney
  4. Small intestine
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47
Q

What organs does the epigastric region contain?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Liver
  4. Pancreas
  5. Duodenum
  6. Spleen
  7. Adrenal glands
48
Q

What organs does the left hypochondriac region contain?

A
  1. Spleen
  2. Pancreas
  3. Left kidney
  4. Colon
49
Q

Where is the transpyloric division?

A

Between the xiphoid and umbilicus

50
Q

What organs does the right lumbar region contain?

A
  1. ascending (right) colon
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Liver
51
Q

What organs does the umbilical region contain?

A
  • duodenum and parts of the small intestine
  • umbilicus
52
Q

What organs does the left lumbar region contain?

A
  • left kidney
  • left (descending) colon
53
Q

What organs does the right iliac region contain?

A
  • appendix
  • cecum
54
Q

What organs does the hypogastric region contain?

A
  • urinary bladder
  • female reproductive organs
  • sigmoid colon
55
Q

What organs does the left iliac region contain?

A
  • descending (left) colon
  • sigmoid colon
56
Q

What abdominopelvic region has the female reproductive organs?

A

Hypogastric

57
Q

What abdominopelvic region contains the bladder?

A

Hypogastric

58
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain the sigmoid colon?

A
  • left iliac
  • hypogastric
59
Q

What abdominopelvic region contains the cecum?

A

Right iliac

60
Q

Where are the descending and ascending colon located?

A
  • ascending colon is in right lumbar region
  • descending colon is in left lumbar and left iliac regions
61
Q

What abdominopelvic region has adrenal glands?

A

Epigastric

62
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain the spleen?

A
  • epigastric
  • left hypochondriac
63
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain the duodenum?

A
  • epigastric
  • umbilical
64
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain the pancreas?

A
  • left hypochondriac
  • epigastric
65
Q

What abdominopelvic region contains the stomach?

A

epigastric

66
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain small intestine?

A
  • umbilical
  • right hypochondriac
67
Q

In what abdominopelvic regions are the right and left kidney located?

A
  • right kidney located in right hypochondriac region
  • left kidney located in left hypochondriac and left lumbar regions
68
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain the gallbladder?

A
  • right hypochondriac
  • right lumbar
69
Q

What abdominopelvic region contains the appendix?

A

right iliac

70
Q

What abdominopelvic regions contain the liver?

A
  • right hypochondriac
  • right lumbar
  • epigastric
71
Q

What are the 4 fascia?

A
  • pericardium
  • pleurae
  • peritoneum
  • septal membranes
72
Q

How many bones are present at birth?

A

270

73
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A
  • skull
  • vertebrae
  • ribs
  • sternum
  • hyoid
74
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle)
  • pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, pubis)
  • limbs
75
Q

Describe bone tissue.

A

-vascularized cellular tissue with ossified matrix

76
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  • provide structural support
  • site of hematopoiesis
  • store calcium and other mineral salts
  • facilitate movement
  • protect structures such as brain and thorax
77
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A
  • central region of long bone (inner center)
  • often sites of blood cell and platelet formation
78
Q

Compact bone

A
  • present and the perimeter of long bones
  • denser than spongy bone
  • strong, rigid, and suitable for attachment of ligaments and tendons
  • tends to be thickest near central shaft
79
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

Shaft of long bones

80
Q

What is epiphysis?

A

Ends of long bone

81
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

Neck portion of a long bone between epiphysis and diaphysis.

82
Q

What are the two types of bone structure and what is the difference?

A
  • spongy (cancellous or trabecular) has bone marrow matrix
  • compact (cortical) is fully solid. Surrounds spongy bone
83
Q

Describe what is osteoporosis, manifestations, how it is diagnosed, and treatment.

A
  • aka “soft bones”
  • density of cancellous bone is selectively decreased
  • trabeculae become thin and sparse to the point where bones can break
  • common areas of fracture are wrist, spine, hips, and shoulder
  • diagnosed with bone density test
  • post menopausal women are at greatest risk due to lack of estrogen
  • treatment is calcium and vitamin d intake, physical activity, meds
84
Q

Give two examples of long bones.

A

Humerus Phalanges

85
Q

Give 2 examples of short bones. What is another name for short bones?

A
  • Tarsus, carpals
  • cuboidal
86
Q

Give 4 examples of flat bones.

A
  • sternum
  • cranium
  • scapula
  • ilium
87
Q

Give 2 examples of irregular bones.

A
  • facial bones
  • vertebrae
88
Q

What kind of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

89
Q

What is the location and prevalence of the fabella?

A
  • lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • 10-30% of humans
90
Q

What is heterotopic ossification?

A
  • bone that forms in soft tissue
  • thought to result from inflammation in muscle due to injury, activity, or disease
91
Q

What is fibrodysplasia ossificans?

A
  • when muscles and connective tissue convert to bone
  • Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is rare disease that forms separate skeleton
  • in equestrians or cyclists, bones may form in buttocks
  • bone growths are called heterotopic
92
Q

What are supernumerary bones?

A
  • bones that arise from additional ossification centers
  • may arise developmentally or pathologically
  • in normal development, individual bones may arise from several adjacent ossification centers
  • failure of all bones to coalesce may generate accessory bones
93
Q

what are accessory bones?

A
  • an atypical type of supernumerary bone
  • relatively common in the foot
  • arise from failure of all bones to coalesce
94
Q

Where are Wormian bones located?

A

in the sutures of the skull

95
Q

Describe sesamoid bones.

A
  • develop in the tendon or muscle
  • often associated with chronic stress
96
Q

Bone markings can be either ___ or ___

A
  • convex (projections, protuberances)
  • concave (depressions, fossa)
97
Q

Describe the importance of the shape of bone

A
  • accommodate function
  • accommodate articulations
  • accommodate stress of attachments
  • accommodate structures passing through bones
98
Q

Name 2 projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment.

A
  • tubercle
  • tuberosity
99
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

large, rounded projection; may be roughened

100
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

small, rounded projection or process.

101
Q

What is a fossa?

A
  • shallow, basin-like depression in a bone
  • often serves as an articular surfaces
  • may serve for passage of blood vessels and nerves
102
Q

What is the difference between condyle and epicondyle?

A
  • condyle is rounded articular projection
  • epicondyle is protuberance adjacent to condyle
103
Q

What is the difference between tubercle and tuberosity?

A
  • tubercle is small, rounded projection
  • tuberosity is large, coarse projection
104
Q

What is the trochanter?

A

-large, blunt structure on femur

105
Q

What is the malleolus?

A

rounded prominence on medial tibia and lateral fibula

106
Q

What is a spike?

A

sharp, pointed, thorn-like projection

107
Q

Distinguish a crest from a line.

A
  • crest is a narrow ridge
  • line is narrower than ridge
108
Q

What projections are associated with long bones, and what do they look like?

A
  • head (articulatory extremity)
  • facet (smooth, flat articulatory surface)
109
Q

What is a ramus?

A

a bridge

110
Q

What are the six kind of bone depressions you can have?

A
  • fossa
  • fissure
  • foramen
  • meatus
  • sinus
  • sulca, groove, or furrow
111
Q

What is a meatus?

A

canal or tube

112
Q

What is a fossa?

A

shallow basin

113
Q

What is a foramen?

A
  • round or oval opening
  • may be lined with mucous membranes
114
Q

What is a fissure?

A

narrow, split-like opening

115
Q

What is a sinus?

A

cavity within bone that is air-filled

116
Q

jWhat is a sulcus, groove, or furrow?

A

shallow, linear opening

117
Q

Where are osteocytes located in the bone matrix?

A

lacuna

Anatomy Lecture (12 decks)

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