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Anatomy Lecture > Exam I | Introduction > Flashcards

Exam I | Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical name for front of the elbow

A

Antecubitus

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2
Q

Anatomical name for wrist

A

Carpus

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3
Q

Anatomical name for chin/ pertaining to chin

A

Mentis/ Mental

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4
Q

Anatomical names for chest

A

Thorcis/ Thorax

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5
Q

Anatomical name for lower leg/ pertaining to lower leg

A

Crus/ crural

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6
Q

Anatomical name for breast

A

Mamma

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7
Q

Pertaining to shoulder

A

Acromial

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8
Q

Anatomical name for face

A

Facies

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9
Q

Anatomical name for forehead

A

Frons

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10
Q

Anatomical name for cheek

A

Bucca

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11
Q

Anatomical name for sole of foot

A

Planta

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12
Q

Anatomical name for ear/ pertaining to ear

A

Auris/ Otic

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13
Q

Anatomical name for thumb

A

Pollex

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14
Q

Anatomical name for great toe

A

Hallux

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15
Q

Anatomical name for hand/ pertaining to hand

A

Manus/ manual

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16
Q

Anatomical name for posterior elbow/ pertaining to posterior elbow

A

Olecranon/ olecranal

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17
Q

Anatomical name for upper arm

A

Brachium

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18
Q

Anatomical name for forearm

A

Antebrachium

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19
Q

Anatomical name for palm

A

Palma

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20
Q

Anatomical name for groin

A

Inguen

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21
Q

Anatomical name for neck

A

Cervisis

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22
Q

anatomical name for back

A

Dorsum

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23
Q

Anatomical name for loin

A

Lumbus

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24
Q

Anatomical name for eye

A

Oculus

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25
Anatomical name for mouth
Oris
26
Anatomical name for nose
Nasus
27
Anatomical name for foot
Pes
28
Anatomical name for ankle
Tarsus
29
Pertaining to the hip
Coxal
30
Anatomical name for back of the knee
Popliteus
31
Define the median plane.
- type of sagittal plane - divides into almost symmetrical right and left halves. Not all organs are symmetrical (heart, liver, etc.)
32
Define the sagittal plane.
- plane parallel to median plane - paramedian planes are near median plane
33
Define the frontal plane.
- aka coronal plane - plane at right angle to median plane - divides body into asymmetrical anterior and posterior halves
34
Define the transverse plane.
- AKA cross-sectional or axial plane - at right angle to median and coronal planes - divides body into superior and inferior regions
35
Compare extension and flexion.
- extension is straightening or increasing angle - flexion is decreasing of angle
36
Describe flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the thumb.
- bring thumb to palm to flex, stretch laterally to extend - abduction is thumb anterior to palm, adduction is drawing the fingers together
37
Compare abduction and adduction.
- abduction is movement away from the median plane (spreading of fingers) - adduction is movement towards median plane (bringing fingers together)
38
What movement is hip flexion?
Moving forward
39
Define rotation and describe medial versus lateral rotation.
- turning along a lengthwise axis - medial rotation is anterior surface moving towards median plane - lateral rotation is anterior surface moving away from median plane
40
Define circumduction.
Revolution of limb or structure around distal lengthwise axis
41
Compare pronation vs supination.
- supination is palm rotated laterally into anatomical position - pronation if medial rotation of forearm. Palm is rotated to face posterior
42
Compare eversion vs inversion.
- Eversion is sole of the foot turned outward - Inversion is sole of the foot turned inwards
43
Compare protrusion vs intrusion.
- Protrusion is thrusting structure anteriorly - Intrusion is retraction of structure
44
What are the 4 major body cavities?
- cranial - thoracic - abdominal - pelvic
45
Name abdominopelvic regions starting superiorly from left to right.
Right hypochondriac—\> epigastric—\> left hypochondriac Right lumbar—\>umbilical—\> left lumbar Right iliac—\> hypogastric—\>left iliac
46
What organs does the right hypochondriac region contain?
1. Gallbladder 2. Liver 3. Right kidney 4. Small intestine
47
What organs does the epigastric region contain?
1. Stomach 2. Gallbladder 3. Liver 4. Pancreas 5. Duodenum 6. Spleen 7. Adrenal glands
48
What organs does the left hypochondriac region contain?
1. Spleen 2. Pancreas 3. Left kidney 4. Colon
49
Where is the transpyloric division?
Between the xiphoid and umbilicus
50
What organs does the right lumbar region contain?
1. ascending (right) colon 2. Gallbladder 3. Liver
51
What organs does the umbilical region contain?
- duodenum and parts of the small intestine - umbilicus
52
What organs does the left lumbar region contain?
- left kidney - left (descending) colon
53
What organs does the right iliac region contain?
- appendix - cecum
54
What organs does the hypogastric region contain?
- urinary bladder - female reproductive organs - sigmoid colon
55
What organs does the left iliac region contain?
- descending (left) colon - sigmoid colon
56
What abdominopelvic region has the female reproductive organs?
Hypogastric
57
What abdominopelvic region contains the bladder?
Hypogastric
58
What abdominopelvic regions contain the sigmoid colon?
- left iliac - hypogastric
59
What abdominopelvic region contains the cecum?
Right iliac
60
Where are the descending and ascending colon located?
- ascending colon is in right lumbar region - descending colon is in left lumbar and left iliac regions
61
What abdominopelvic region has adrenal glands?
Epigastric
62
What abdominopelvic regions contain the spleen?
- epigastric - left hypochondriac
63
What abdominopelvic regions contain the duodenum?
- epigastric - umbilical
64
What abdominopelvic regions contain the pancreas?
- left hypochondriac - epigastric
65
What abdominopelvic region contains the stomach?
epigastric
66
What abdominopelvic regions contain small intestine?
- umbilical - right hypochondriac
67
In what abdominopelvic regions are the right and left kidney located?
- right kidney located in right hypochondriac region - left kidney located in left hypochondriac and left lumbar regions
68
What abdominopelvic regions contain the gallbladder?
- right hypochondriac - right lumbar
69
What abdominopelvic region contains the appendix?
right iliac
70
What abdominopelvic regions contain the liver?
- right hypochondriac - right lumbar - epigastric
71
What are the 4 fascia?
- pericardium - pleurae - peritoneum - septal membranes
72
How many bones are present at birth?
270
73
What makes up the axial skeleton?
- skull - vertebrae - ribs - sternum - hyoid
74
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
- pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle) - pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, pubis) - limbs
75
Describe bone tissue.
-vascularized cellular tissue with ossified matrix
76
What are the functions of bones?
- provide structural support - site of hematopoiesis - store calcium and other mineral salts - facilitate movement - protect structures such as brain and thorax
77
What is the medullary cavity?
- central region of long bone (inner center) - often sites of blood cell and platelet formation
78
Compact bone
- present and the perimeter of long bones - denser than spongy bone - strong, rigid, and suitable for attachment of ligaments and tendons - tends to be thickest near central shaft
79
What is diaphysis?
Shaft of long bones
80
What is epiphysis?
Ends of long bone
81
What is the metaphysis?
Neck portion of a long bone between epiphysis and diaphysis.
82
What are the two types of bone structure and what is the difference?
- spongy (cancellous or trabecular) has bone marrow matrix - compact (cortical) is fully solid. Surrounds spongy bone
83
Describe what is osteoporosis, manifestations, how it is diagnosed, and treatment.
- aka “soft bones” - density of cancellous bone is selectively decreased - trabeculae become thin and sparse to the point where bones can break - common areas of fracture are wrist, spine, hips, and shoulder - diagnosed with bone density test - post menopausal women are at greatest risk due to lack of estrogen - treatment is calcium and vitamin d intake, physical activity, meds
84
Give two examples of long bones.
Humerus Phalanges
85
Give 2 examples of short bones. What is another name for short bones?
- Tarsus, carpals - cuboidal
86
Give 4 examples of flat bones.
- sternum - cranium - scapula - ilium
87
Give 2 examples of irregular bones.
- facial bones - vertebrae
88
What kind of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone
89
What is the location and prevalence of the fabella?
- lateral head of gastrocnemius - 10-30% of humans
90
What is heterotopic ossification?
- bone that forms in soft tissue - thought to result from inflammation in muscle due to injury, activity, or disease
91
What is fibrodysplasia ossificans?
- when muscles and connective tissue convert to bone - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is rare disease that forms separate skeleton - in equestrians or cyclists, bones may form in buttocks - bone growths are called heterotopic
92
What are supernumerary bones?
- bones that arise from additional ossification centers - may arise developmentally or pathologically - in normal development, individual bones may arise from several adjacent ossification centers - failure of all bones to coalesce may generate accessory bones
93
what are accessory bones?
- an atypical type of supernumerary bone - relatively common in the foot - arise from failure of all bones to coalesce
94
Where are Wormian bones located?
in the sutures of the skull
95
Describe sesamoid bones.
- develop in the tendon or muscle - often associated with chronic stress
96
Bone markings can be either ___ or \_\_\_
- convex (projections, protuberances) - concave (depressions, fossa)
97
Describe the importance of the shape of bone
- accommodate function - accommodate articulations - accommodate stress of attachments - accommodate structures passing through bones
98
Name 2 projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment.
- tubercle - tuberosity
99
What is a tuberosity?
large, rounded projection; may be roughened
100
What is a tubercle?
small, rounded projection or process.
101
What is a fossa?
- shallow, basin-like depression in a bone - often serves as an articular surfaces - may serve for passage of blood vessels and nerves
102
What is the difference between condyle and epicondyle?
- condyle is rounded articular projection - epicondyle is protuberance adjacent to condyle
103
What is the difference between tubercle and tuberosity?
- tubercle is small, rounded projection - tuberosity is large, coarse projection
104
What is the trochanter?
-large, blunt structure on femur
105
What is the malleolus?
rounded prominence on medial tibia and lateral fibula
106
What is a spike?
sharp, pointed, thorn-like projection
107
Distinguish a crest from a line.
- crest is a narrow ridge - line is narrower than ridge
108
What projections are associated with long bones, and what do they look like?
- head (articulatory extremity) - facet (smooth, flat articulatory surface)
109
What is a ramus?
a bridge
110
What are the six kind of bone depressions you can have?
- fossa - fissure - foramen - meatus - sinus - sulca, groove, or furrow
111
What is a meatus?
canal or tube
112
What is a fossa?
shallow basin
113
What is a foramen?
- round or oval opening - may be lined with mucous membranes
114
What is a fissure?
narrow, split-like opening
115
What is a sinus?
cavity within bone that is air-filled
116
jWhat is a sulcus, groove, or furrow?
shallow, linear opening
117
Where are osteocytes located in the bone matrix?
lacuna

Anatomy Lecture (12 decks)

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