exam ii: ch2 Flashcards
a formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating info
quantitative research
summarizes major elements of a study and ID the contributions of that study to nursing knowledge
research report
what 3 things does descriptive research study
frequency, attributes, and quantity
exploration and description of phenomena in real life situations
- NOT experimental (just describing)
descriptive research (review)
systematic investigation of relationships between/among variables
–> strength = inc/dec
–> type = directional/nondirectional
correlational research (review)
objective, systematic study of cause and effect relationships
- samples NOT random
- all variables in the study cannot be controlled by the researcher
quasi-experimental (review)
objective, systematic, highly CONTROLLED investigation of cause and effect relationships
- samples ARE random
experimental research (review)
aims to inc knowledge/understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena + observable facts
–> no specific applications toward processes/product
basic research
attempts to solve real problems in clinical practice, applies findings to real world on real patients
applied research
involves imposing rules to decrease possibility of error (called a design)
measures of control
can occur in all research, not the focus of a study but can make the ind variable appear more or less powerful than it really is
extraneous variables (review)
process of selecting subjects who are representative of the population
sampling
each member has an equal chance of being selected, most control
random sampling
whoever is available, just happen to be where you need them
convenience sampling
systematic collection of data to ID problem
problem solving process
ID goals
ID approach + solutions
Implementation of solution
Evaluation
4 parts of problem solving process
Conceptualize project
Plan and implement
Communicate findings
3 parts of quantitative research process
area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge needed
research problem (review)
ID specific focus or goal of the study
research purpose (review)
collecting pertinent literature to give in-depth knowledge about the problem
literature review (review)
abstract, theoretical basis for a study → lets researcher link findings to nursing body
framework
integrated set of defined concepts/relational statement that present a view of a phenomena and can be used to describe it
theory
concepts measured, manipulated, controlled in a study
variables (review)
type of definition that gives meaning to concept
–> ex: define what is pain
conceptual definition
type of definition in which variable can be measured using this description
–> pain scale
operational definition
blueprint for the conduct of a study; maximizes control over factors that could interfere with study’s outcome
study design
assigning numbers to objects, application of rules to dev meaning to data
methods of measurements
measuring the consistency
reliability
does the tool measure what it’s supposed to measure?
validity
nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
4 types of methods of measurement
precise, systematic gathering of info for the study
data collection
the findings, limitations, generalization of findings, conclusions, implications for nursing, and suggestions for further research
research outcomes
what are the components of most research reports
abstract, intro, methods, results, discussion, reference list
basic research vs applied research?
basic
- pure research, total control over variables
- generate new knowledge about phenomena
- in lab
- ex: medication + treatment research
applied
- practical research, conducted in real worl
- use new knowledge from basic + APPLIES to practice
- where nursing research falls
what are defining terms relevant to quantitative research?
basic research, applied research, rigor, control
why is rigor so important in quantitative research?
strive for excellence and adherence to detail
precise measurement tools, tightly controlled study design
logical reasoning
precision, accuracy, detail, order
What are the 4 parts of the problem solving process
ID goals, ID of approaches/solutions, implementation of solution, evaluation
What are the 4 parts of the quantitative research process
Conceptualize project, plan and implement, communicate findings, can go back and forth at any time
What do research objectives, questions, and hypotheses all have in common
All ID relationships between variables + indicate population to be studied
Can bridge gap between abstract research prob and study design plan
What are the 4 parts of study design
Selection of population
Sampling procedures
Methods of measurement
Plans for data collect/analysis
Where in a research study will the process of data collection be explained?
Procedures section
best way to read through research report (3 strategies)
skim, comprehend, analyze
Why does a researcher need to show sources of funding?
Acknowledge where money came from + make sure not bias or controversy
What is the biggest responsibility as a researcher
Publish in journals/books = adds knowledge to industry
goals of quantitative research (3)
- describes new situation
- examines relationships
- determine effectiveness
does the tool measure what it’s supposed to measure?
validity
