Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nursing research > exam ii: ch11 > Flashcards

exam ii: ch11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

theory that is used to explain the likelihood that something will happen, no 100% guarantee

A

probability theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

theory that requires absolute cut off point; assume that all of the groups in a study used to test a hypothesis are components of the same population

A

decision theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cut off point chosen before data to test hypothesis; probability level at which statistical results are judged to be significant

A

level of statistical significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

null hypothesis rejected when it is true

A

type 1 error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

null hypothesis regarded as true when it is false

A

type 2 error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

conclusion/judgement based on evidence

A

inferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

application of information acquired from a specific instance to a general situation

A

generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values in a population; want to aim for closest to perfect bell curve

A

normal bell curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

extreme score can occur in either tail of the normal curve
- extreme score = higher or lower than 95% of population

A

tailedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

assumes that extreme score can occur in either tail of the normal curve
- for nondirectional hypothesis

A

two tailed test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

extreme values occur on a single tail of the curve
- for directional hypothesis
- more powerful than two tailed

A

one tailed test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(n-1), given other score values established from the sum of these scores

A

degrees of freedom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of statistic is used a lot in nursing studies?

A

descriptive (summary stats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

type of statistics: describe/summarize
- Measures of central tendency
- Mean, median, modie
- Measures of variability
Range, standard deviation, scatter plots

A

descriptive statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type of statistics: Predictions and generalize findings based on data
Analyze data, test hypothesis, determine causality answer research questions

A

inferential statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

freq distributions, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion

A

types of descriptive statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describes middle of sample, summarizes sample

A

measures of central tendency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

greatest freq (not always center)

A

mode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sum of scores divided by number being summed (average)
- Most stable + least changed, best to summarize data

A

mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

midpoint (50th percentile)

A

median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

range, variance, standard deviation, standardized scores

A

measures of dispersion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

high score minus low score, uses only two extremes, sensitive to outliers

A

range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

spread or dispersion of scores
- Calc ONLY at interval or ratio level of measurement

A

variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

square root of variance, the average difference score

A

standard deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

raw scores thata cannot be compared + are transformed into standardized scores
- Common = Z score: provides way to compare scores in similar process

A

standardized scores

26
Q

most common standardized score; expresses deviations from the mean in terms of SD units

A

z-score

27
Q

two scales = horizontal X axis and vertical Y axis; used to illustrate relationship

A

scatterplots

28
Q

nonsymettrical distribution, peak of curve off center → becomes issue when data not normally distributed

A

skewness

29
Q

known probability of including the value of the population within an interval estimate

A

confidence interval

30
Q

compare procedures used with other stats that could have been used to greater adv

A

statistical suitability

31
Q

based on accumulated evidence from many studies; important for verification of theoretical statements
- Basis of a science
- Contribute to scientific conceptualization

A

empirical generalizations

32
Q

based on assumption that the data fall into a specific distribution, usually the normal (bell-shaped) distribution

A

parametric statistical tests

33
Q

specific data not normally distributed

A

nonparametric statistical tests

34
Q

t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA, pearson’s r

A

types of parametric test

35
Q

chi-square, spearman’s rho

A

types of nonparametric tesrs

36
Q

type of parametric test: requires interval level of measurement, significant differences between two samples

A

t-test

37
Q

type of parametric test: tests for differences between mean, more flexible (examine data from 2+ groups)

A

ANOVA

38
Q

type of parametric test: examine effect of treatment apart from effect of 1+ potentially confounding variables (pretest scores, age, education, anxiety levels)

A

ANCOVA

39
Q

type of parametric test: measure diffs in group means when 1+ dependent variable

A

MANOVA

40
Q

type of parametric test: tests for presence of relationship between 2 variables
- bivariate correlation

A

Pearson’s r

41
Q

type of non-parametric test: whether two variables are independent or related

A

chi-square

42
Q

type of non parametric test: determine the degree of association between two sets of ranks or at the ordinal level (similar to pearson’s r)

A

spearman’s rho

43
Q

results of the study that have been translated and interpreted

A

findings

44
Q

associated with importance to nursing body of knowledge

A

significance of findings

45
Q

established BEFORE study begins
P = 0.05 (if study done 100 times the chance of making error is 5 out of 100)
P = 0.01 (if study done 100 times the chance of making error is 1 out off 100)
- More difficult

A

level of significance

46
Q

finding is UNLIKELY to have occurred by chance or fluke

A

statistical significance

47
Q

related to practical importance of findings; value of judgement
- findings can have statistical significance but not clinical

P < 0.05 = null
P < 0.4 = reject the null

A

clinical significance

48
Q

Restrictions or problems in a study that may decrease the generalizability of the findings
- Ex: new tool

A

limitations

49
Q

meanings of conclusions for the body of nursing knowledge, theory, and practice (more specific than conclusion)

A

implications

50
Q

synthesis of the findings, main points should be here

A

conclusions

51
Q

what 2 things are studied in quantitative studies?

A

relationships and causality

52
Q

what makes a good study

A

applicable to different studies

53
Q

what does it mean when the mean score is an extreme value?

A

Population not likely to be the same as that represented by normal curve
SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT
Means risk of making an error

54
Q

which tailed test is more powerful

A

one tailed tests

55
Q

why is analysis throughout research important

A

to make sure data is accurate and valid

56
Q

what type of statistic is used a lot in nursing studies

A

descriptive statistics

57
Q

where does data analysis begin

A

descriptive statistics

58
Q

why is critically appraising results from quantitative/outcomes studies important

A

determine if researcher’s interpretations of the results are an appropriate eval of the clinical importance of the study’s findings

59
Q

which measure of central tendency is the most stable and best for summarizing data

A

mean

60
Q

what are the only 2 levels of measurement that can calculate variance

A

interval or ratio

61
Q

what is the basis of a science?

A

empirical generalizations

62
Q

what is bivarate correlation and what type of test is it part of?

A

relationship between 2 variables, part of pearson’s r

nursing research (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions